Critical Thinking Questions- Ap World Essay

1. Discuss the fate of the indigenous populations of the United States, Canada and Latin America. How did their fate relate to the sense of mission in each area? During the 19th and early 20th centuries, many of the indigenous people were treated unfairly and no respect was given for either them or their land. Many of these natives were forced off their land and left homeless because industries wanted to use the land for industrial purposes. In places like the United States, the government would often kick the natives of their land in order for the land to be used for new settlers and railroads. Because of such treatment, many natives were forced to migrate away from their homelands. Later on, the governments started to pass laws and reforms to try to force many of the Native Americans to convert to the white way of life and give up their lands more willingly. The Trail of Tears began when these Native Americans were forced to move away. The Trail of Tears represented the quick and abrupt movement of these people from their homelands who were forced to migrate in order to find a new home to live in. In many other areas, like Canada, many of the natives even took a stand and started to fight back. In Canada, a native named Louis Riel started to take charge of the indigenous people as well as the metis, and began to lead his people as they worked toward their rights. Eventually, Riel and his new government were dismantled and sent to live in exile. During this time, construction had begun on the railroads, which had threatened the settlement of the indigenous people. Although the indigenous people fought hard, the Canadians had dominated and continued to use their land in the west for industrial reason. Over in Latin America, the indigenous people were being pushed off of their homelands by the Creole elites as they attempted to raise a claim on American lands which would be used for agricultural purposes, as well as ranching. The creoles began to establish Euro-American hegemony which allowed them to have an easier time taking over the land. 2. Examine the picture of Emiliano Zapata on page 859. What role did he play in Mexican history? What role did peasants and social stresses play in Latin American history? Emiliano Zapata was definitely on the most influential people in the Mexican Revolution during the 20th centuries. He worked alongside Francisco Pancho Villa to lead the lower classes. Zapata was a very charismatic person and was able to organize massive armies to fight for land and liberty, or tierra y libertad. He challenged the Mexican government and political control along with Villa. He confiscated hacienda lands and distributed them to the peasants. Both he and Villa managed to avoid being captured by both the U.S. and Mexican forces. Zapata, no matter how popular and powerful he became, never managed to capture any of Mexico’s major cities. He was killed in 1919 after being captured by government forces. This successfully ended the Mexican Revolution. And yet, if all of the workers, peasants, and middle class people not joined the fight, there might not even had been a revolution or even a constitution. These people began to feel the social stresses between them and the upper classes over the estates. This caused them to join in the revolution in hopes of a better life. La Reforma played a major role in forming these social stresses because when the attempt to create a small independent farm society by redistributing land, it failed because the land was bought up by the upper-class and transformed into plantations and haciendas. To conclude, the forms of social stresses; such as class division, rebellion, and caudillo rule, and civil war lead to a period of instability and conflict in Mexican history.

Mexican Mafia

The gang I decided to do research on was the Mexican Mafia. The gang originated in the California Department of Corrections in the late 1950’s, and is considered to be one of the oldest and most powerful gangs in the entire United States. Gang members can often be identified by having the number thirteen tattooed on their bodies somewhere or by having something resembling the number. The reason behind using the number thirteen is because it marks the 13th letter of the alphabet, the letter M. The gang is well known for the worst crimes that can be committed while in Prison. Those crimes include extortion, drug trafficking, and murder.The largest population of this gang seems to reside in California and Texas while the gang is responsible for 10% of San Antonio’s homicide rate. The Mexican Mafia’s Constitution was described in a 2005 trial. The gang’s sole purpose is to make money by any means through criminal activity. The Constitution basically stated tha t the Mexican Mafia is a criminal organization that engages in criminal activity for the benefit of the Mexikanemi. This includes murder, gambling, drug dealing, and pretty much anything imaginable. This gang is very brutal but yet simple when it comes to punishment for gang members, which is almost always death.The members of the Mexican Mafia are often called upon to test their loyalty to the gang. Usually the test will be one of two options of either theft or murder. The consequence for failing to uphold their loyalty by completing this task or any task for the mafia also usually results in death. According the Mexican Mafia’s Constitution members may be punished or killed if they commit any of four simple infractions. These infractions include becoming an informant, showing any signs of homosexuality, acts of cowardice, or showing disrespect towards any of the gang’s members.

Case Study of Bicester Village in UK-Free-Samples for Students

In today’s modern world, incomes are rising rapidly and luxury goods are getting available widely, with the attitudes regarding the display of wealth shifting with time. Due to this, more and more Chinese consumers are feeling more comfortable in buying luxury goods. Because of this, the love for these products in china is moving down the economic ladder, meanwhile creating challenges and opportunities simultaneously for the marketers who are used to serving just the very rich consumers. The upper middle class account for a large share of the market and their numbers are increasing swiftly. The interest in the luxury goods segment is moving over jewellery, handbags, fashion and similar products. A large number of the Chinese luxury goods consumers are also spending their money on spas and other wellness activities. The consumption for such luxury services are rising faster in comparison with luxury goods (Li, Li & Kambele, 2012). Over the past decade the Chinese have directed the world towards luxury shopping. By 2015, China was offering more luxury retail selling space than Japan and was swiftly catching up on USA, with the Chinese accounting for almost a third of the overall global luxury spending. Particularly the wealthy Chinese tourists have been the key directors of the international luxury goods sales for more than a decade. As stated by the travel data released by Euromonitor International, the Chinese tourists made approximately 3 million trips to the USA in 2015, which was an upsurge of around 8% from 2014 and a huge 206% upsurge accounted for in the five years from 2010 to 2015 (Travel in China, 2016). In 2015 itself the Chinese made around 5 million trips to Japan, 2 million trips to France and 285 thousand trips to the UK, with most of these trips related to shopping expeditions or significant luxury retailers and shopping hotspots (Economic Impact 2016, 2017). However, in the years 2014 and 2015, the mainland of China recorded its lowest growth of sales of luxury products from the time when records began (Global luxury goods sales growth to stabilise in 2015 - Bain, 2014). Among some of the other factors getting influenced, this decrease in growth also implied that China would not be able to overtake Japan and then go on to become the world’s second largest luxury goods market in the world in the next consecutive five years and it is anticipated to uphold its current position ahead of France and UK in the short to medium term. China recently put in an effort of curbing the wrongdoings in the luxury goods consumption. The effort became a crackdown on the grey luxury goods market that had prospered because of the major price variances among luxury goods within and outside of China. In cases of some Swiss-made timepieces, the alteration in price can be as high as 90% between Western Europe and China (Hancock, 2017). The major players in the grey market are mainly professional shoppers, who are travelling abroad in most cases for buying luxury goods in bulk. They take that back with them home for selling those wares either openly or online, and it has went on to become a business that is worth billions of US dollars. Back in 2016, the government stepped in to combat the grey market by stepping up their customer control and raised penalties for false declarations, which resulted in the increasing numbers of professional shoppers getting caught. However, this is just a single part of the crackdown. Beijing has even presented harsher taxation laws in major categories, with hiking tariffs on watches from 30% to 60% and on jewellery from 10% to 15% (Master & Wendlandt, 2016). These tariffs are applicable on the goods that are legitimately purchased through the internet and delivered in packages to China, and even on goods purchased abroad and brought back to China. The government also put a cap of CNY100,000 (US$15,473) per card on yearly withdrawals at foreign UnionPay cash machines. This is a huge issue for well-heeled Chinese tourists who are into shopping at luxury department stores like Barneys in New York, Galeries Lafayette in Paris and Harrods in London (Lopez, 2016). Several brand leaders in the luxury goods industry were bewailing about the adverse international trading conditions for a long time, and their influence on China’s previously fast growing luxury goods market. This fresh crackdown over overseas spending by Chinese shoppers is another headwind to face and might be the most disorderly one till date. It was the hope of the Chinese government that higher tariffs would help durable luxury goods demand in the domestic market (Roberts, 2017). The enormous and creating number of Chinese luxury buyers can be credited to the rapidly rising disposable family pay rates in China. The amazingly well off Chinese families are clearly exceptional drivers of improvement for luxury and the prime concentration for luxury brands. In any case, the rising Chinese middle-class, including families with pay rates between USD 9,000 and USD 34,000, have transformed into the fast rising buyer divide in China – they have transformed into the subject of much thought from overall brands (Aroche, 2015) These new contenders, whom are generally arranged in second tier urban groups, spend a considerable measure of their pay on luxury, using their purchases as pictures to demonstrate their extending social and money related status, and their desires to accomplish status. In spite of the way that middle-class customers spend less out and out than their wealthier accomplices, their numbers are adequately basic to solidly affect indicate luxury spending in China. According to McKinsey and Company, the overall organization consultancy firm, the Chinese middle class included 500 million people in 2015 (Barton, Chen & Jin, 2013). This number is foreseen to grow more than 550 million by 2022, tolerating that people numbers stay predictable (Atsmon & Magni, 2012). An interesting typical for Chinese luxury customers is that they are comparatively more young than their European and American accomplices – 45% of Chinese luxury buyers are under 35 years of age, they are all around 14 years more energetic than their European accomplices, and 25 years more young than their American accomplices (Cbbc.org, 2015). The ordinary time of Chinese luxury customers is 33.1 years, with more than 80% of all Chinese luxury purchasers between the ages of 25 and 44. Women have transformed into a crucial rising measurement in the Chinese luxury goods exhibit, which has for the most part been overpowered by folks in the region of 35 and 45 years old (Yi, Yuan & Kumah, 2013). This is because Chinese women are beginning to get up to speed with men in numbers in the workplace, and thus are expanding more cash related flexibility and societal position. In like manner, their getting power has extended, and they are obtaining more luxury goods than whenever in late memory to repay themselves for steady work and individual accomplishments. With 25% of Chinese women increasing more than their male accessories, they now speak to three-fifths of the luxury goods publicize (Yi, Yuan & Kumah, 2013). Regardless of the directing of domestic luxury use, Chinese tourists are spending more in luxury retail territories abroad. Of the 27% of total overall luxury purchases by Chinese customers, it is assessed that almost 60% of luxury usage occurs outside the mainland and abroad (KPMG.com, 2017). As voyaging twists up obviously less requesting and all the all the more captivating, Chinese tourism has exploded, with the amount of Chinese tourists outperforming 80 million out of 2012. It is assessed that 72% of Chinese tourists purchase luxury goods abroad, and Chinese tourism is transforming into a basic jar to neighborhood economies around the world (KPMG.com, 2017). Another basic example in the Chinese market is the growing advancement of the Chinese luxury client, as tastes of arranged buyers create with stunning pace. There is a perceivable move of enthusiasm from luxury products showing logos to more minimized and exceptional products, leaving comprehended brands like Louis Vuitton and Gucci endeavoring to remain mindful of prior yearly advancement rates. This ponder is most obvious in tier one urban groups, for instance, Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen, where clients have been acquiring luxury for a long time and are getting the opportunity to be perceptibly capable about shape and curious about what the world sees as in vogue. These tenured shoppers are beginning to focus on brand heritage, craftsmanship, and lack in their luxury purchases rather than obvious logos doubtlessly demonstrating wealth (Ye, Bose & Pelton, 2012). At the same time, significant amounts of the Chinese middle class are coming into wealth where they can endure the cost of luxury shockingly. Along these lines, there is up 'til now a strong enthusiasm for most likely comprehended, logo-decorated products that clearly demonstrate their newly found status in the Chinese social chain of significance. As the luxury goods market sections transversely finished wage levels and social classes, luxury goods associations are standing up to new troubles in fitting their product portfolios to meet distinctive slants, while meanwhile keeping up consistency and particularity in their brand cachet (Zhan & He, 2012). The need to use luxury goods is a direct result of the Chinese masses wanting  to exhibit their anomalous condition of wealth  to others. The  rising gaining power and the effect of Western lifestyles have upheld luxury consumption and thus some first class brands have extending their embodiment in China with a particular true ob jective to misuse that condition. Nowadays, the best way to deal with be known among  Chinese consumers  in the luxury market is through the web using digital frameworks and  tools. Indeed,  social media  and e-commerce  hold a strong effect over Chinese luxury buyers.   A generous number of Chinese purchasers knew accurately what they'll purchase before they arrive  at the store due with 90% of respondents communicating they plan their purchases early (Chiu, Ip & Silverman, 2012). Chinese buyers give watchful thought to the brand and country of-base of luxury goods and tend to hold slants for without a doubt comprehended foreign luxury brands with surely understood logos. Disguising any indication of disappointment go up against" could be a basic method of reasoning fundamental Asian purchasers' strong desires for indulgences regardless of the low ordinary pay. Gifting has been identi?ed as another basic manner of thinking in Chinese luxury product obtaining. Eating up exorbitant gifts re?ects the social chain of significance and furthermore upkeep of the agreement between collect necessities and individual needs. Asians a great part of the time purchase luxury goods for relatives and "package" families with luxury brands to display family wealth and status. Past research has associated gifting to working up guanxi in the Chinese society. Guanxi, illuminated as social ties, expect a key part in various walks around Chinese regular daily existences. Chinese pur chasers tend to assume that the all the more exorbitant the gift, the greater affirmation will be grabbed, the more "face" will be gotten, and the better relationship will be proficient (Zhang & Kim, 2013). Chinese purchasers are existing the components of unmistakable, likeness, self-delight and the journey for quality, which is advanced in the theoretical luxury consumption motivation. Meanwhile, Chinese purchasers in like manner have the refinement of the luxury shopper motivation: they have little motivation of regular self-explanation, however are of unprecedented vitality for the mission for materialistic play and superstar motivation. Here we can see the impact of customary culture of Chinese clients for their luxury shopper motivation (Ko & Megehee, 2012). Chinese shoppers' luxury consumption motivation has the going with perceptible components. To the exclusion of everything else, with respect to Western buyers, they focus on individual organized consumption regard; Second, in regards to Western purchasers, they focus on having a place individual immensity; Third, concerning Western clients, Chinese shoppers have a tendency to use the products' or brands' picture, and the consumption to express their class and status in people in general eye. Fourth, with respect to Western shoppers, they focus on the principle properties of luxury, when the Chinese clients pick and purchase the luxury goods; there are more group motivations to avoid the peril of buyers and to meet the mass intrigue. Fifth, in the luxury consumption of Chinese purchasers, there is a huge bit of them are used to set up their social relations as favors, to address social issues. Finally, starting late, due to the hoarding of social wealth, and furthermore the impact of the contemplation of consumerism and intemperance, Chinese buyers have begun to have a particular measure of individual arranged luxury purchaser motivation, for instance, self-happiness, fine quality and self gift (Jiang & Cova, 2012). The luxury discount village of Bicester, UK, was opened at Clarks Village in Somerset in 1993, the past site of the Clarks shoe mechanical office and not far from the Shoe Museum. McArthurGlen, set up by Harvard-taught Joey Kaempfer, by then started copying US-style outlet malls in Europe with centers like Cheshire Oaks close Manchester. Today there are around 30 outlets in Britain, all things considered, a middle-class space with idealistic brands and the earth to match. Retail outlets are a beating position in a troublesome market. Most UK outlet centers have had yearly sales improvement of 10 for every penny over the latest couple of years, according to Jonathan Adams, senior head of retail valuations at property consultants CBRE. That is before designs for buyer spending: the Office for National Statistics said UK retail sales volumes rose 4.1 for each penny in September year on year. Outlet malls have similarly beated full-price shopping centers in capital regard, as demonstrate d by CBRE, growing by 40 for every penny overall since 2012; full-price shopping centers created by under 1 for each penny (Shannon, 2016).   As the outlets wind up observably higher-end, so do the shoppers. Regard Retail, the proprietor of Bicester, the most upmarket of the UK's outlet malls, says the well off and middle classes come to search for regard rather than discounts — a fine, perhaps solely verbal, differentiate. Certainly, idealistic luxury shoppers might be less arranged to treat themselves to a section price pearl on Bond Street — yet grabbing it decreased cost at Bicester is one of a kind. With the view of directing overall money related improvement, an unfriendly to corruption crackdown on self important "gift giving" in China and dread attacks counteracting tourism to elsewhere in Europe, top notch members, for instance, Time and Gems offer an appealing customer base and superior to anything normal edges (Seo, 2016). A common criticism of outlet malls is the idea of the stock since shoppers are clueless that products can be made especially to be sold in these outlets. Value Retail rushes to point out stock is not "made for outlet" in the watch and fine diamonds part, yet rather is from the brand's past gatherings or is a bit of an assurance of reconditioned stock. Some are watchful this contemplates well the brands. Having halted or unsold stock to fill these outlet stores proposes either poor stock control or associations creating especially for the outlets The Chinese economy has moved toward becoming enormously all through the last ten to twenty years, and all inclusive tourism to China is winding up fundamentally speedier. A part of the reasons behind this gigantic improvement are the general advancement of tourism, the Chinese open-door course of action, more persistent flights among China and whatever is left of the world, and unprecedented changes in Chinese transport establishment, lodging settlement and tourist attractions. Also in China, widespread tourism is viewed as a techniques for pulling in foreign exchange and as a lift to money related advancement. When measuring the impact of tourism, the primary issue is that tourism is not typically named a singular industry. In dealing with this issue, tourists' uses per thing total must be cured for foreign imports, and ought to be allocated to the conveying family unit industry. Basically after these modifications, would one have the capacity to assess the quick impact of tourism on, for instance, regard included or work. The second issue is picking the kind of underhanded effects one wishes to consider and, immovably related, picking of the exhibiting approach for assessing of the picked impacts. Various circumlocutory effects are caused by linkages between tourism-arranged organizations and diverse undertakings. Packs into these linkages overwhelmingly show that tourist establishments and tourism-orchestrated organizations have strong in turn around linkages with giving endeavors, however forward linkages with supplying industries are in every way that really matters truant (Xu, 2013). Today, the financial returns on several luxury shopping mall investments seem much less lucrative than they were five years age. This is due to the slower economic growth that is being specially felt in the interior of Greater China. Crucially, as shopping malls faces slower footfall and as retail sales subside, the luxury brands would require rethinking their growth strategies for the interior. The implications for the luxury industry totally are possibly far reaching, with the situation that China’s interior was previously viewed as a beacon of future opportunity. In case we look outside of Greater China, a noteworthy piece of the positive sales compel saw in 2014 and 2015 in the made regions was truly fuelled by wealthy going to Chinese tourists. In any case, after the Chinese government ruined the renminbi in August 2015, China's outside spending power has become appalling. Added to that, the Chinese economy is set to continue cooling. These two troubles solidified will no doubt influenced the business' property sales mix, possibly setting off another move in overall wage control in 2016 (Carcano, 2013). The impact of a weakening economy is most likely not going to keep rich Chinese buyers from taking off to buy their luxury goods, be that as it may it might change their objective of choice and also signify in-objective spend. Short-pull objectives, for instance, South Korea and Thailand could get the prizes. In case Chinese purchasers cut back on outside trips help far from home, by then we could start to see yet another move to be resolved of vitality between the locale. Spending in North America, Western Europe and Japan could go down, while spending in China could even go up. It is difficult to envision how the condition will make later on. What we can state, nonetheless, is that, according to the examination, 2015 wound up being a champion among the most purposely fundamental years ever for the overall luxury goods industry. Aroche, D. (2015).  Are You Reaching The Global Chinese Luxury Consumer?.  Luxury Society. Retrieved 19 August 2017, from https://luxurysociety.com/en/articles/2015/11/are-you-reaching-the-global-chinese-luxury-consumer/ Atsmon, Y., & Magni, M. (2012).  Meet the Chinese consumer of 2020.  McKinsey & Company. Retrieved 19 August 2017, from https://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/asia-pacific/meet-the-chinese-consumer-of-2020 Barton, D., Chen, Y., & Jin, A. (2013).  Mapping China's middle class.  McKinsey & Company. Retrieved 19 August 2017, from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/mapping-chinas-middle-class Carcano, L. (2013). Strategic management and sustainability in luxury companies.  Sustainable Luxury: A special theme issue of The Journal of Corporate Citizenship,  52, 36. CBBC - China’s Middle Income Consumers. (2015).  Cbbc.org. Retrieved 19 August 2017, from https://www.cbbc.org/news/china%E2%80%99s-middle-income-consumers%E2%80%99-report-released-b/ Chiu, C., Ip, C., & Silverman, A. (2012). Understanding social media in China.  McKinsey Quarterly,  2(2012), 78-81. Economic Impact 2016. (2017).  WTTC,org. Retrieved 19 August 2017, from https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic%20impact%20research/regions%202016/world2016.pdf Global luxury goods sales growth to stabilise in 2015 - Bain. (2014).  Reuters.com. Retrieved 19 August 2017, from https://www.reuters.com/article/luxury-report-idUSL6N0S93YG20141014 Hancock, T. (2017).  Chinese shoppers begin to buy luxury brands again — at home.  Ft.com. Retrieved 19 August 2017, from https://www.ft.com/content/61bc103a-e38a-11e6-8405-9e5580d6e5fb Jiang, L., & Cova, V. (2012). Love for luxury, preference for counterfeits–A qualitative study in counterfeit luxury consumption in China.  International journal of marketing studies,  4(6), 1. Ko, E., & Megehee, C. M. (2012). Fashion marketing of luxury brands: Recent research issues and contributions.  Journal of Business Research,  65(10), 1395-1398. Li, G., Li, G., & Kambele, Z. (2012). Luxury fashion brand consumers in China: Perceived value, fashion lifestyle, and willingness to pay.  Journal of Business Research,  65(10), 1516-1522. Lopez, L. (2016).  It looks like China is about to squash a $7 billion luxury industry.  Business Insider. Retrieved 19 August 2017, from https://www.businessinsider.in/It-looks-like-China-is-about-to-squash-a-7-billion-luxury-industry/articleshow/51706401.cms Luxury experiences in China. (2017).  KPMG.com. Retrieved 19 August 2017, from https://home.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2016/06/it-Luxury-experiences-in-china-2011.pdf Master, F., & Wendlandt, A. (2016).  China's gray luxury market threatened by new tax regime.  U.S.. Retrieved 19 August 2017, from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-luxury-greymarket-idUSKCN0WY528 Master, F., & Wendlandt, A. (2016).  China's gray luxury market threatened by new tax regime.  U.S.. Retrieved 19 August 2017, from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-luxury-greymarket-idUSKCN0WY528 Roberts, F. (2017).  China's Luxury Market Set for Steady Performance Amid Unfavourable Market Environment.  Euromonitor International Blog. Retrieved 19 August 2017, from https://blog.euromonitor.com/2017/03/china-luxury-market-steady-performance-amid-unfavourable-market-environment.html Seo, J. (2016).  Why Does Everybody Love Bicester Village, England's Famous Luxury Outlet Mall?.  Forbes.com. Retrieved 19 August 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/juyoungseo/2016/07/11/why-does-everybody-love-bicester-village-englands-famous-luxury-outlet-mall/#7cbb637b1218 Shannon, S. (2016).  How Bicester Village retail outlet became a new luxury destination.  Ft.com. Retrieved 19 August 2017, from https://www.ft.com/content/c6bafc88-895a-11e6-8cb7-e7ada1d123b1 Travel in China. (2016).  Euromonitor.com. Retrieved 19 August 2017, from https://www.euromonitor.com/travel-in-china/report Xu, G. (2013).  Tourism and Local Development in China: Case Studies of Guilin, Suzhou and Beidaihe. Routledge. Ye, L., Bose, M., & Pelton, L. (2012). Dispelling the collective myth of Chinese consumers: a new generation of brand-conscious individualists.  Journal of Consumer Marketing,  29(3), 190-201. Yi, J., Yuan, M. F., & Kumah, S. (2013). The Attitude, motivation influence people’s buying Luxury goods: A survey of Chinese in China.  Journal of Business and Management,  15(3), 15-24. Zhan, L., & He, Y. (2012). Understanding luxury consumption in China: Consumer perceptions of best-known brands.  Journal of Business Research,  65(10), 1452-1460. Zhang, B., & Kim, J. H. (2013). 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School safety laws Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

School safety laws - Speech or Presentation Example The stake holders that involve even the government should create peace of mind and have control of school safety. Some of the legal issues touching on school safety include bullying in school, premises liability at school, first amendment concerns, students code of conduct and finally school related product safety. Bullying in schools Bullying is very dangerous as it deeply affect most of the students by either threatening their right to attend classes and undermines the overall learning goals of a learning setting. Unfortunately, bullying in most of the learning institutions are on the rise. The government has realized the need for school safety and has ended up passing numerous ant bullying laws especially in some states such as California, Arkansas states. The main aspiration of creating passing these laws are to ensure schools are safe for learning. The central government has established laws such as First Amendment which ensure provision of equal protection to the students. Pare nts are encouraged to sue school or school districts for inability to prevent bullying if their children fall victims of this torturing act. In case a student bullies other students thus violating the bullied conduct codes and other relevant laws then the students who bully are mostly suspended or expelled. It is therefore upon the school administration to put in force codes of conduct that characteristically describe the kind of behavior expected from the students (Find Law Web). Property accountability at school Regarding the theory of premises liability, the occupiers and owners of premises are under obligation by the law to ensure that their premises are safe for use. The persons protected by this law should be people who are legally present and the owners must exercise a reasonable amount of care in providing a safe environment on their property. Considering that the school deals mostly with children, an utmost amount of care is principal in ensuring the safety of the children. Victims of any of the injuries resulting from failure to ensure safety within the school or negligence by the school may sue the school or school district. The school should be able to control every situation affecting children such as sickness to ensure total safety of the children. The US Supreme Court afforded students First Amendment freedoms but held that some rights may be restricted in that the freedom should be applied in a manner that attempts to balance free speech rights as well as the necessity to grant safe learning conditions. Parents and their children should always ensure that they are aware of students’ codes of conduct and other discipline policies that outline a student’s rights and responsibilities. These codes of conduct must ensure that all the acceptable and unacceptable code of behavior is clearly outlined. Additionally, students normally use different items which may impose threat to them hence making it important to know whether the products pose any risks before they are used. The US Consumer Product safety Commission standards have provided the lists of items that can be used and therefore it is important to visit their website to verify the school related items (Find Law Web). Arming the educators and the school support staff is beyond the expertise, experience and professional capabilities of

CORPORATE MANAGEMENT & FINANCE- Assessment Element 2 Essay

CORPORATE MANAGEMENT & FINANCE- Assessment Element 2 - Essay Example Financial Position Key Financial Indicator: This part of the report includes some key financial performance indicators for the three-retail giant of UK. This three company shares almost 72% of UK retail market share. Looking at the size of the company it is very important for management to identify the key financial performance indicator for their organisation. Sales Growth This is one of the major performance indicator for most of the companies particularly companies within retail sector. These companies are serving consumers by providing their basic and luxury items. Sales growth indicates company’s current position in the market as compare to its peer group. Since UK retail market is almost an oligopoly market it can be easily evaluate the performance and efficiency of the management of these three companies. Operating Profit Operating profit is another appropriate performance measurement indicator. Since these companies are largely utilising their fixed asset and labor, it is very important for this companies to maintain their operating cost efficiently. High labour cost or operating expenses can lead to a humongous loss to any firm and its shareholders. Financial Ratio: Any investors or potential investors generally analyse the financial ratios of a company before making an investment on it as they properly indicate the current position of the company. At the same time, these financial ratios are important from manager’s point of view also to assess their performance. While creditors also look at those ratios before giving any loan to the company. Precisely speaking everybody analyse the ratios before involving with any organisation. Ratios like ROE, EPS, and Dividend Payout are the most relevant from investor’s point of view as they are specifically indicate return generate by a company using invested capital. Whereas leverage ratios, efficiency ratio, operating or net profit depending on business (in retail industry operating) are of more interest to managers. While creditors i.e. lenders are more interested to see the efficiency and cash conversion ratios of a particular firm. Accordingly the below explained ratios are very important for retail industry. Operating Profit Margin: This indicates the operating profit as a percentage of sales. OPM signifies firm’s capability of generating profit from its operating activities. Generally, higher operating profit creates some tremendous investment opportunities for both investors and lenders. Total Asset Turnover: The ratio is an appropriate indicator of the fact that how efficiently and effectively company is utilising their assets to generate revenue. This ratio is very important for a retail company as they posse’s lots of fixed assets. The higher asset turnover signifies higher asset utilisation. This ratio is a good indicator of management efficiency. Higher asset turnover implies efficient management team. Current Ratio: This ratio is very importa nt from retail industry point of view as it indicates the liquidity position of the c

Exemption(s) for Certain Conveyances of Family Farms or Family Essay

Exemption(s) for Certain Conveyances of Family Farms or Family Business - Essay Example For exception of land transfer tax for conveyance of farmed land from individual (i.e. Father, Part 'A') to Family farm corporation (i.e. Son, Part 'B' (Owner of a Farm Corporation)) regulation 697 specifies the following requirements: First the transfer of land should me made between family members in which part 'B' is the owner of a farm corporation. Second requirement is that after transfer of farmed land the farm corporation will use the land for farming purpose only. No other use of the land is permitted. The first & second requirements of regulation 697 are similar to both individual to individual & individual to Family Farm Corporation. The Third requirement of regulation 697 is different in transferring the farmed land from individual to family farm corporation. In this all share holders of family farm corporation should be related to individual (Part A) who is transferring the land. Family Farm Corporation should have 95 % farming assets. During determination of farming asse ts the value of interest in the land being conveyed shall be included as an asset of the corporation. According to this regulation 697- there are some exemptions in land transfer tax that belongs to the same family it means if an individual transfer business land to its family member

Public Policy and the rise of Business Enterprise Essay

Public Policy and the rise of Business Enterprise - Essay Example Due to the severe economic recession and other factors, the automobile industry was working below par. A general perception was created amongst the public so as to hate the automobile industry in such a manner that the general public was made to envy the automobile worker because of the increased wage rate within the automobile industry. This envious public policy led to a severe slump within the automobile industry and many of the automobile manufacturers were forced to almost close out their operations within the area but this attitude later changed and the change was brought upon by the Obama administration. Government Support to Home industry The other main emotional issue that has led to such an uproar in this article is because all these Big three American automobile manufacturers, who at one time, were about to go bankrupt and it was only the Obama administration that helped the automobile industry by offering them the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to survive the scare and reach such a position as described in this article. Stakeholders Stakeholders of the American automobile industry were also a part of this entire scenario and all the different groups of the stakeholders had their own personal interest in this. The major stakeholders concerned with the American automobile industry would be the owners of the automobile manufacturer, the employees within these automobile manufacturing companies, the government, the customers and the suppliers of these automobile manufacturers with each and every stakeholder having a personal interest. The owners would be worried about their personal investments within the company and with this increase in sales; the owners would get delighted as their returns would increase. The government would be worried about the increased level of unemployment had these automobile manufacturers ceased to operated due to bankruptcy. The improved figures in revenue would have saved the jobs. The employees would have been affecte d had they been redundant, the increased revenue have given them a hope of surviving. The customers would have to buy cars at high prices if the automobile manufacturer would have closed due to bankruptcy. The suppliers would have to find alternate customers if these companies would have closed (Drives, 2011). Policy options and implementation Public policy is usually a government action taken in order to answer any particular issue within a country; these actions are taken with respect to the legal and the administrative traditions prevailing in the country. The main issue within the article is the success story of the American automobile manufacturer namely Chrysler, General Motors and Ford. The success story starts with the initial failure that of these 3 big automaker manufacturers and how the government and the labor staff worked together to help companies like Chrysler and General Motors. The United Auto Workers worked together with General Motors to keep the Work force intact at a time when General Motor was about to go bankrupt. More recently, both General Motors and the United Auto Workers union are making to reach an agreement so that fixed costs can be reduced within General Motors. This shows how the company is working in order

See Below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

See Below - Essay Example The distinction between legitimate and effective authority is that an effective one simply supports to change the decisions that apply to others. Legitimate authority has the ability to alter these decisions. The fact that authority calls for performance for a certain action is a basis for decision making which is not to be added to all other sound decisions when assessing what is to be done, but should eliminate and replace some of them. The theory is only acceptable if there are limits on what the legitimate authority can fairly order the individuals to do, a reason why it does not essentially replace all relevant decisions. In conclusion, Hobbes and Locke’s approach to decision making can be justified only based on consent. There should be a voluntary formation of political obligation and justice, where justice depends on what the individuals are willing or choose to agree to. Individuals should decide according to the concept of the â€Å"original

The history of the Great Awakening Research Paper

The history of the Great Awakening - Research Paper Example ent died out rapidly, leaving behind bitter doctrinal disputes between the â€Å"New Lights† and the â€Å"Old Lights,† the latter led by Charles Chauncy, a Boston clergyman, who opposed the revivalist movement as extravagant and impermanent† (Great Awakening). However, the waves of religious awakening soon spread to America and it attained proper shape in America. Great Awakening is classified into different categories based on the period of occurrence like; first second, third and fourth Great Awakenings. First Great Awakening started in AD1734 and lasted till 1750 whereas second Great Awakening occurred in between 1800-1840. The third Great Awakening started in 1880 and lasted till 1910 whereas the fourth Great Awakening happened in the late 1960’s and at the beginning of 1970’s. In all the four great Awakening histories, Protestants were at one side and the traditional churches at the other end. This paper analyses the history and significance of Great Awakening. The Great Awakening arose at a time when man in Europe and the American colonies were questioning the role of the individual in religion and society. It began at the same time as the Enlightenment which emphasized logic and reason and stressed the power of the individual to understand the universe based on scientific laws. Similarly, individuals grew to rely more on a personal approach to salvation than church dogma and doctrine (Kelly) According to Professor Kidd (2009),â€Å"In the generation before awakening, the rivalry between Anglicans and dissenters was sharp. Dissenters were the subjects of discrimination at that time† (Professor Kidd, p.43). Church was the most dominant segment in American and British societies before the beginning of Great Awakening. Even politicians were afraid of the churches and they never tried to do something against the interests of the churches. In other words, the dominance of church was evident in all the aspects of human life in Britain and America before

Managerial AccountinG Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managerial AccountinG - Assignment Example As an accountant I do not need to take action myself and confront my friend, thus I will leave it to the management to deal with its employee and resolve the issue. However, as loyalty note on my part I will disclose all the information to the higher management even thou this is done by my dear friend because it is all about being ethical in the business. Managerial versus Financial Accounting My friend who is nowadays interested in finance and accounting came to me to understand the difference between financial and managerial accounting. I started off by giving out the definitions to my friend. Managerial accounting, also known as cost accounting, deals with the internal reporting in an organization. It involves reports on daily or weekly basis that helps managers to make financial decisions. It is the identifying, interpreting and then exhibiting information to the managers. There is no legal binding for producing internal reports but firms do this in order to show a numeric pictur e of goals and objectives. â€Å"The focus of managerial accounting is on the needs of managers within the organization.† (Hilton et al 2008) These reports are a futuristic look and include budgets and forecasting analysis. On the other hand, financial accounting is the collection of financial data to formulate financial statements.

This experiment is designed Essay Example for Free

This experiment is designed Essay This is experiment is designed to approximate i , the coefficient of friction, for two surfaces. We used a piece of rubber on the bottom of a wooden block on a wooden table. Assumptions To undertake this experiment, first I developed an equation allowing a straight line to be plotted from our results. This will test if Coulombs law is correct. The main assumptions made in this experiment are: 1. Acceleration is constant 2. The strings are light and inextensible, and the pulley is light and smooth 3. g, gravity is 9. 8 4. Coulombs law is correct 5. There is no air resistance 6. F=ma These assumptions have different weights in affecting our results. Some are more likely to affect our results, whilst others will only have a small effect. Assumption How strong the effect is on results Acceleration is constant This will have a moderate effect on the results. We can see that the acceleration is not constant. This is because friction does change slightly with velocity, and we are ignoring air resistance Light, inextensible strings In fact the strings do stretch slightly, and do have a small weight. This will affect the results as forces will not be constant during the experiment, and therefore produce irregular acceleration. Light, smooth pulley This will affect the results in the same way as above. We attempted to use the smoothest pulley available, but obviously it can never be perfectly smooth. That the pulley has mass does not affect our results, as we are not dependent on the pulleys mass for our results. Gravity is 9. 8 This will introduce a systematic error into our calculations, but as we will use this assumption for both the results and the model, it will not make a difference for our experiment. Coulombs law is correct This will make a big difference to our results. By assuming that , our calculations are fairly simple. However, this linear model is incorrect. This will affect our results considerably, and may results in a curve being plotted from our results instead of a straight line. No air resistance This will have a mild effect on the results. Because the block of wood and the weights are fairly small, the effects of air resistance are negligible. However there will be a small effect, which again may force the results into a curve rather than a straight line. This assumption will not impact our results very much at all. For macroscopic objects, such as we are dealing with, this law is a very good model. However if we were to repeat the experiment using single atoms for the objects, this would be a bad model. To help overcome these systematic errors, we insured that we had the smoothest pulley, and that the surfaces that we used were consistent. In other words, that the table was the same roughness all the way along it, and that the rubber was the same all over. Manipulating the model When m2 is released m1 accelerates. These two objects can be looked at separately. Using . (1) (2) (3) Using (Coulombs Law) (4) Substituting equation 4 into equation 1 Substituting into equation 3 (5) Assuming constant acceleration (see note above) As Substituting into equation 5 The two variables will be m1 and t. By putting , we can cancel m2 from the equation. Setting k to be 1022g (this is the lowest weight for which it will still move) . This is because otherwise m2 hits the floor. .. 1031. 8 should be 9. 8*1022 This allows us to plot a graph with m1 on the x-axis, and on the y-axis. Comparing the above equation with shows us that the gradient should be , and the y-intercept should be 0. 673. 6. 533333333333333333 Conducting the experiment Again, this diagram shows the layout of the experiment. m2 weighs more than m1. When m2 is released m1 accelerates. In my model I assumed that this acceleration is constant. However in reality this is not true. As mentioned previously, this will affect my results. The weight of m1 presses down on the table as the block accelerates. This causes frictional resistance between the block and the bottom of the table. The coefficient of friction between the rubber on the bottom of the block and the table is denoted by ?. By measuring the time taken to move over a specified distance, and by knowing the weight of the two masses it is possible to calculate ?. Following on from the assumptions above, it is possible to attempt to minimise the effects of these modelling approximations. For instance, if it were possible to ensure constant acceleration then doing this would reduce errors, and make the results more accurate. 1. Ensuring that the pulley was as smooth as possible. 2. Ensuring that the table was of equal roughness all the way along it. 3. Making sure that there is no wind or draughts on the block. 4. Making sure that the string is as inextensible as possible. Variation in experimental results As in every experiment, there is variation in the results. This is because in, real life, there are more than two variables changing. For example, random draughts, inaccuracy in timing, inaccuracy in measuring distance, inaccurate weights and differences in the table surface. The error bars on the graph show this error, with the central line showing an average. Comparison between experimental data and predictions of the model The predictions of the model give a line of the equation y = -1. 37x + 13. 8. This gives ? to be 1. 14. This is a lot bigger than our original estimate. In addition, 13. 8 is approximately twice as big as 6. 53. This shows that our experiment does not follow our original model. This is probably due to our assumption that Coulombs Law is true. This model will produce a straight line. Our results show a subtle curvature, implying a non-linear relationship between F and ? r. Although random variation could have created this curve, it seems that it is due to the inaccurate model of Coulombs Law. If the experiment had been based on a non-linear law then a different set of equations would have been derived which would result in a linear function being plotted. Revision of the process To improve the experiment, it would be better to use light gates to improve accuracy for timing. On the results that we collected, the higher speeds resulted in wider error bounds and thus less accuracy. This is because it was a lot harder to accurately measure these fast times. Measuring the distances we were moving over more accurately would also increase accuracy, as would more accurate measurement of mass. However, accuracy is not the main issue in this experiment. For this experiment, it seems that our model is incorrect, rather than the results. To improve this experiment, our assumptions need to be changed. Most assumptions are fine, but the assumption of Coulombs law is very inaccurate. This assumption of a linear relationship forced our results into a curve. To achieve a more meaningful analysis of these results, we need a better model on which to compare them. However, more accurate models for friction are much more complex and far less simple to use.

Speech - Global warming Essay Example for Free

Speech Global warming Essay Specific purpose: To inform the audience about some effects of global warming so that they are able to discuss the problem surrounding the global warming after my speech. Introduction: Humanity is conducting an unintentional, unrestrained and globally perversive experiment whose ultimate consequences could be second only to nuclear war The human race is responsible for the biggest testing in history an experiment to see what will happen to our health and the health of the planet when we make dreadful changes in our climate. This is not a prescribed scientific inquiry. It is an enormous change in the Earths environment, and we are gambling our childrens future on the results. Our experiment is called global warming, and it is changing our atmosphere throwing out of balance a delicate system that almost took billions of years to develop. Global warming is a serious problem that cannot be ignored I. Preview: Explaining the meaning of global warming, process of global warming and the effect of the global warming . II. Main points: I. Meaning of global warming: Generally, the global warming means to warming the global either by human being or by the environment but the intricate meaning is the increasing temperature of earth. Some scientists like to mention the global warming as green house effect. Global warming has reached a level such that we can ascribe with a high degree of confidence a relationship between the green house effect and the observed warming. (1) II Cause of global warming: A. Global climate is changing because of the buildup in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide (N20), and the CFC (powerful  green house gases as well as destroyers of stratospheric ozone).(5) B. Another reason of the global warming is green house effect. About 30 gases produced by human activity have been identified as contributing to the green house effect. C. The US Government has acknowledged for the first time that man-made pollution is largely to blame for global warming (4). Emission of Co2 and other harmful gases from the man made factories and industries affects the ozone layer of the earth and contribute to the global warming. III. Effect of the global warming: Nobody would want to live to see the day when global warming directly effects our life. Not since the abrupt end of glacial climates a little over 10000 years ago have temperatures changed as much, or so rapidly. The next century may therefore see large impacts on the human economy, with the first signs already upon us (3). We can broadly divide the effects into three major categories as follows. A. Rise of sea levels: Rising global temperature are expected to raise sea levels. New calculations suggest that glacier melt alone would be responsible for a rise of 1 to 23 cm in sea level by 2100.(6) B. Effect on ecosystem: Global warming are effecting the natural ecosystem such a way that in future more and more plants and animals will have to permanently migrate to find a suitable habitat and some one will not be able to move fast enough. Scientists have predicted that species loss could be as high as 20% in sensitive ecosystems such as northern Canada and Southern Australia. C. Health threat: Since the global temperature is rising, more frequent and more intensive heat waves could result in more heat-related deaths. These conditions could also aggravate local air quality problems, already afflicting more than 80 million Americans. Global warming is expected to increase the potential geographic range and virulence of tropical diseases as well.(2) III Conclusion: I have mentioned the meaning of global warming, cause and effect of the global warming at length. A. I think everybody just can realize that there is no manner in which a complete and sudden stop could be put to global warming, but the rates at which it is taking place could be reduced. B. I hope there is a quick solution on hand.

Risk Management in Investment Banking and Software

Risk Management in Investment Banking and Software Introduction With the current scene in the business world it is very challenging to explore the risks involved in the business economy. The topic of Risk Management interests with the varied challenges as it has become the foundation for many organisations to effectively manage their investments or projects. The risks involved in any type of organisations are constantly increasing with the rise in competition across the globe. The recent credit crunch was also an alarming sign to manage the risk efficiently. Development of technology also has had great impact on the performance of any technological projects. Thus the topic of risk management is gaining lot of scope across various sectors in diversified businesses in todays world. So being the case, Indian economy is no exception to the above mentioned threats for the organisations to successfully achieve their goals and objectives. Conceptual Underpinnings My research is based on whether the Risk Management is used as a tool for checking quality, accessing security level, as a measuring unit as controlling tool. To check whether theories on Risk Management, really help in understanding and analysing the risks involved in todays business scenario. Also to check the practical and technical difficulties in introducing risk management as a control tool in all possible arrays of business and development. While risk management offers accountable benefits it also involves costs, the cost of implementation of Risk Measures into the organisation structure, the process and also to make it a part of the organisational planning process in order to achieve objectives at minimal risk levels. Hence it is necessary and vital to have a comprehensive Risk Management Strategy for every organisation. In order to accomplish each and every organisation needs to have a dedicated team depending on the nature of their business, organisational structure, and al so possible risks to be involved. 2.1) Literature Review The Indian Economy has been impacted with the downturn of the recession. As the effect of recession there is tremendous amount of change in the outlook of the business world. Today Management of Risk is a critical issue for organisations to minimise the level of risk they would be witnessing while involving in the business practices. Risk is always associated with uncertainty, even in our everyday activities. But we over comes these risk with our knowledge and experience by taking effectives measures to protect ourselves from these find of risks. Similarly, organisations have to consider the risks and uncertainty more strategically as they will be involving in huge business associations which might have an impact on large number of organisations and individuals. At most importance should be given to in order to avoid the disturbances from these risks or effects of these risks. Determination of these risks is critical and essential to implement Risk Management in any organisation. Smi th (1995) states that risk management is an essential part of any project or business and constitutes to be an indispensable part of organisational planning. 2.2) Risk Management as an effective tool for organisations success During the early 70s risk management had very little scope and its effects on projects and business were ignored because they were not recognised as serious threats for organisations (Merna and Al-Thani, 2008). Organisations were ignorant about the risk involved in any business process or project and hence risk management had less scope to be implemented. Later on with the development of Project risk management, in early 80s risk management was acknowledged as a specific topic in the project management literature (Artto, 1997 cited by Merna and Al-Thani, 2008). The awareness towards risks gave room for risk management to emerge as an effective tool for organisations success. Since then Risk management continues to evolve in many ways in many fields. It has emerged as a crucial aspect for business today. It has been developing steadily and obtaining great importance in the business world. Today the use of risk management concepts by the corporate managers have increased to a great extent and most of the organisations will have some kind of risk control measures and risk management policies this clearly shows that risk management is undoubtedly beneficial to the organisations. (Tufano, 1998) Successful organisations All over the world would have well coordinated risk management programme, they also recognise and identify the risks and admit that risks occur and it must be addressed. (Hiles 2007) 2.3) Risk and Uncertainty Risk is always associated with uncertainty. As identified by Bussey (1978), any decision which has a variety of outcomes is said to be subjected to risk and when probabilities can be linked to the outcome. In other words risk is the possibility of something undesirable happening. Many people think risk in terms of three main components; bad happening, the chances of it happening and the consequences if it does happen. (Merna and Al-Thani, 2008). According to Merrett and Sykes (1983) uncertainties come into picture when the there are more than one options for any course of action. However some authors feel that risk and uncertainty can be used interchangeably. Risks and uncertainties are common for all organisations irrespective of the organisations structure and their area of expertise; however, these risks are product or service specific. The nature of risk and the extent of damage or success and the result may change over time but risk itself cannot change. (Gordan 1992) In other words the effect of such risks and uncertainties differ from industry to industry and from organisation to organisation. Even with in a corporate organisation we may observe various sources of risks in different levels of the organisation. Some of such identified sources are – political, financial and legal risks at the corporate level, Economic and market risk at strategic business level and risks at project level may be precise to that particular project like Technical risks of a project. (Merna and smith 1996, cited by Merna and Al-Thani, 2008) Different organisations employ different approaches for identification of these risks and uncertainties. In order to identify these risks different methods of risk management are implemented to minimise these risks. After analysing the threat to the organisations from such risks they identify Organisations are extensively implementing the concept of Risk Management into their organisational culture. Though this process is time consuming it is onetime investment. It also involves considerable amount of capital investment. Investment banking is an industry which is known to have the maximum risks involved. Banking by itself is risk oriented business. The nature of investment banking business is volatile and they have to implement a comprehensive risk management strategy as it deals in the instruments which are highly volatile in the market. These risks have to be effectively managed for the smooth running of the organisation. So is the case with the Information or software industry. Software industry is no exception to risks though the nature of the business is not volatile they also involve lot of risks. These risks also have to be managed and addressed efficiently, to make sure it does not hamper the organisational growth. There will be a lot of system related risks and risk of manipulation, duplication and theft of the software, copyright and patents risks, technological risks and few others. The risks involved in these two industries are important, and have to managed to minimise their risks and maximise the opportunities for the organisations growth. My research is to know whether the risks involved in the above two industries are indifferent or similar. And also to identify whether risk management is being implemented in these industries as an effective tool. If it has been implemented what is the role of risk management in these industries. Aims and Objectives The research intends to concentrate on these two industries i.e. Investment banking and software industry to find if the amount of risks involved in these two industries. The research would also look on the risk control measures taken by these industries, their perspective of looking on to the risks their risk assessment and management methods and techniques. The researcher will be targeting two specific companies from both the industries and identify their risk management tools in their business. Whether it has helped them overcome these risks and to what extent they were successful in their attempts. What would be the scope for improvement for risk management in these industries? And Conduct research on these organisations to analyse if risk management has to be made mandatory for such organisations. The companies that would consider in the research are Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) which is one of the top players in investment banking sector, and Sonata Software Limited for software industry. 3.1) Research Topics Implementation of risk management as a control tool Is Risk management Organisation or industry specific? Comparative analysis of Risk and risk management in these sectors, Impact of risk and its management on business 3.2) Scope of Study This research will be investigative in nature which will be carried out on two companies Australian and New Zealand Banking Group Limited ANZ and Sonata software Ltd in a case study format, the information collected will be specific to these two companies and of sample size. A minimum of four managers in risk management will be contacted and they will be a part of this research. This research would be restricted to only two industries (Investment banking and Software industries) as the objective of the research is to compare the risk involved in these two industries. Research Strategy Research can be defined as a process undertaken to find out things collect data and interpret it systematically thereby increasing their knowledge. The research has to be based on logical findings and logical relationships and not just assumptions, and the methods used to collect such date should be meaningful (Saunders et al 2009). In layman terms research means searching for desired information from a reliable source and analyse that information to draw a conclusion for a research question. For this research techniques like qualitative data collection, desk study and interviews would be conducted. 4.1) Qualitative Research The research would be based on qualitative method of collecting data, qualitative research is an approach to study a social observable fact and it is realistic interpretive and grounded in the lived experiences of people their individual opinions and feelings. (Marshall and Rossman 2006) the data collected with this approach is non numeric data and is expressed through words. The data collected through qualitative research cannot be used directly, it has to be analysed before using it in the research. An effective qualitative research must be interactive and interpretive. It should use various methods to get the information and should be related to the context. 4.2) Case study Case study is a descriptive research which refers to gathering of thorough information of a corporate it refers to collecting all the detailed information of a particular firm and focus on the characteristics and factors of that corporate leading to its success or failure. The research intends to look at a case study of one corporate in both Investment Banking sector and software industry. The research concentrates on Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) and Sonata Software Limited and analyse the various risk involved in both the companies and how they are effectively managed. 4.3) Sampling Top managers, senior risk managers and people involved in the risk management process of the above mentioned companies will be targeted for this research and interviews would be conducted as a part of sampling technique to get the desired data. In the process of research a minimum of two persons responsible and working in risk management process of both the companies would be done. The interviews would be conducted based on the persons availability and accessibility. Data collection 5.1) Primary Data Various semi-structured interviews would be conducted to collect primary data, the interviews would be recorded. These interviews would be conducted with risk managers and employees responsible for the assessment and management of risk. Permissions and authorisations will be taken from the people interviewed and from the management before conducting the interviews. The interviews will be done personally or through internet also telephonic interviews if necessary. The questions asked in the interview will be clear and spontaneous to get clear answers to questions. 5.2) Secondary Data The data which is already available and published which can be used as useful information to our research is called as secondary data these are the data which is already researched by other researchers and is easily accessible. Risk involved in business and risk management has a vast literature and evolution of risk and its management is was there from many decades and hence a lot of information is readily available in various sources, this information will also be taken in to consideration in this research and there is no need to start the research on risk management from the scratch. The secondary data will be collected from various books, journals on risk management other online data base like EBSCO, JSTOR and other trusted sources, also the company websites would be used to get company specific information. This information would be extensively used in discussing the literature on the topic chosen. 5.3) Data Analysis The data collected from the interviews will be transcribed and assessed, analysed and interpreted in order to use it in the research, pie charts and graphs would be used if necessary to understand the risks involved and the methods and techniques used to manage the risks. The data collected through secondary data sources would be thoroughly examined and only relevant and reliable date will be included in the research. Data analysis would be done in an effective way to draw proper information and to arrive at a effective conclusion. 5.4) Reliability and Validity Reliability and validity is one of the important aspect of any research study, the data obtained must be valid and reliable. In this research there are a certain issues relating to reliability and validity like the information obtained may not be in detail as the risk management procedures of an organisation is very confidential and may not be disclosed to everyone, to overcome this the researcher may promise the organisation that the information obtained will not be disclosed to any one and will only be used to this research only. The data collected through interviews will be subjective. The reliability and validity of data will also be influenced by factors like time and place, and the conclusions drawn from the research would be the interpretations made by the researcher. 5.5) Access To start any research one important factor to be remembered by the researcher is getting access to the information required. As there is already a lot of literature on risk in business and risk management there will not be much hindrance in getting the secondary data however the researcher has to get access to obtain the primary data. The research concentrates on two organisations and the researcher has gained access in Sonata software limited and Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) to do case study on their organisation and to interview people responsible for identifying and managing the risks. However there is a risk involved in this as they may deny providing the required information as it may be confidential and to overcome this risk, as a back up the researcher can also try and get access to do a case study on Deutsche Bank as well. Possible chapters: Introduction Review of the Literature: Risk involved in todays business world And the steps and techniques used to manage those risks Introduction to companies chosen for the case study and their risks and management Comparison of risk involved in both the companies Assessment of the research Conclusion Gantt chart TARGET DATE TASKS TO BE ACHEIVED March Submission of Proposal April Collecting Data and conduct research June Conduct Interviews and Collect Data + Write up of Literature Review July Analysis of Data + Submission of First Draft August Submission of Dissertation

One flew over the cuckoos nest Essay -- essays research papers

There are three major conflicts in the novel, One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest, by Ken Kesey. Both internal and external in nature their causes, effects, and resolutions are explored in great detail.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cause of the conflict between Mac and Ratched begins immediately. As soon as McMurphy enters the ward he shows his individuality. He’s loud, brassy and the chief says, â€Å"He sounds big.† McMurphy publicly introduces himself and stands out from the rest of the men. He shows that he wont be controlled. Ratched wants and expects complete control. She refers to Mac as a, â€Å"Manipulator,† who will, â€Å"†¦use everyone and everything to his own end. Ironically Ratched is also a Manipulator. Miss Ratched chooses the orderlies to control them, she wants them to hate so they take their anger out on the patients.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ratched’s first win against McMurphy is when he challenges the ward policies on the music. He demands for the music to be shut off or at least turned down. Knowing that all the men are watching she completely humiliates Mac by telling him that she wont turn the music down further more she treats him like a child when she tells him to take his hands off her glass because he was staining them. â€Å"†¦don’t be so selfish,† says Miss Ratched when Mac asks for the music to be turned down.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ratched’s second major win against McMurphy on the ward is when she forces the men to ignore him and not to play cards with him. Using the threat of rationed cigarettes the patients are still much too afraid of Miss Ratched to go against her orders. McMurphy is completely left alone by the men and Ratched shows that she maintains control.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although McMurphy does not get the votes of the men because the fear they hve of Ratched McMurphy still comes out victorious when in the end the men eventually do vote to watch the world series. When the men do vote Ratched looses complete control over her ward and it’s the first time the men defy her as a group. â€Å"And we’re sitting there head up in front of that blanked out television set†¦and she’s screaming behind us.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  McMurphy mocks and taunts Miss Ratched when he runs around with his towel on. He wasn’t assigned a uniform and when Miss Ratched tells him to stop running around in the towel Mac stops and... ...g because after this Mac has lost three time in a row to Ratched or the combine. Chief sees the trouble Mac has to lift the control panel and finally gives up, the control panel, to chief, is a symbol of the combine and the fact that Mac cant lift it destroys Chief.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of Chief major wins against the fog is when the men all come together to back up Mac for the world series and the comments that everyone makes to her. Chief say, â€Å"†¦I quit worrying about the BIG NURSE and the combine behind her.† For the first time in his life he saw people clearly and not just the black outline around them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another great win for Chief is when he enters the pool with all the other men. This is a big win because the Chief is so afraid of even the ground that to enter a pool is a great progress for him. Also Chief begins to see the ward as â€Å"clean and silent† and not humming of machinery. Chief even takes a big step when he stands up and looks out the window of the ward.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The resolution to Chief’s conflict is after he kills Mac and escapes the institution at the end of the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Evolution -Them-to Us Essay -- essays research papers

Evolution The origins of mankind is an extremely controversial issue within today’s society. Scientists have a host of different theories pertaining to man’s inhabitance of earth. Many disagreements arise between scientists who have different beliefs pertaining to where and how mankind arose. One such argument is the conflict involving the theory of evolution versus the theory of creation. After extensive scientific research, it is apparent that the theory of evolution is correct. Evolution is the theory that life arose by natural processes at an early stage of the earth’s history and that complex organisms developed from simpler organisms by a process of slow change. It is the idea that new species rise from older species after thousands of years of gradual chemical, environmental, and genetic change. Evolution can be described as the complex processes by which living organisms originated on earth and have been diversified and modified through sustained changes in form an d function â€Å"Evolution†. Scientists, looking for an explanation to the origin of man and other organisms created this evolutionism theory, which also presented answers to the many asked questions dealing with similarities between species. Unlike the theory of creation, which states that the complexity of life and different species can only be explained in terms of a supernatural creator or god who placed life on earth, the theory of evolution has a plethora of evidence proving it to be true â€Å"Creation†. There are several different types of observations that support the theory of organic evolution as an explanation for the similarities and the differences among species. One such observation is in the geologic record. The geologic record is the rock scheme found within the earth’s outer crust. By means of radioactive dating, the ages of rocks in many places on earth have been determined. It is a timetable of the earth’s geologic history. This combin ed with the fossil record, another observation supporting the evolutionary hypothesis, has produced an apparent sequence of life forms from most simple to most complex during the history of the planet. Fossils are any remains or traces of a once-living organism, which are formed by preservation, petrifaction, or sedimentation. Organisms can be preserved and protected against decay by being trapped in amber, tar, or frozen in ice. The hard parts of ... ... the world could have been created in six days. Even though Scopes was found guilty of contradicting creationism and the Bible’s teachings, the persuasion of the defense’s case brought up the major question of evolution versus creation. In 1996, the issue was revisited and now teachers have the right to teach both theories. The Attorney General said the constitutional separation of church and state would be violated if both theories were not acceptable. This trial was a major step for those who believed in evolution. The outcome eventually allowed for people to open their eyes and accept new ideas. The theory of evolution proved to be true â€Å"Monkey†. The controversy over whether evolution or creation is the correct answer to human origins is a major topic of discussion and argument in today’s society. People are entitled to their beliefs, but a great deal of evidence and supporting information has confirmed the theory of evolution to be factual and accurate. By combining all of this information along with comparisons between man and ape and the discoveries of humanlike fossils, the truth is apparent. The theory of evolution in my opinion is correct.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Existentialist Themes Of Anxiety And Absurdity Essay -- Philosophy Phi

Existentialist Themes of Anxiety and Absurdity In a world with such a vast amount of people there exists virtually every different belief, thought, and ideology. This means that for every argument and every disagreement that their exists two sides of relative equal strength. It is through these disagreements that arguments are formed. Arguments are the building blocks in which philosophers use to analyze situations and determine theories of life. For the purpose of this paper I will try and argue my personal beliefs on a specific argument. This argument is presented in a form of a question and upon examination of the contents of this question, several different and unique questions arise. In order to support my theory as to the answer to this question I will attempt to answer the three subquestions which deal less with the content of the question itself and more with the reaction to reading the question. Also key to the support of my theory is the concept of existentialism. I will go into the foundations of this ethical theory throughout the remainder of this paper. Subquestion one, â€Å"E --> C†, simple asks whether it is true or false that if you have an ethical theory then does it have to be consistent. Subquestion two, â€Å"(?) --> H†, poses the idea of what makes up the essence of being a human being. Subquestion three, â€Å"E --> (H --> M)†, asks whether it is true or false that it is ethical to assume that humans should be given moral priority over animals. I order to support my interpretation and answer the topic question, I will try to explain my personal ethical theory. We were given several different theories in which to emulate or pick pieces of in order to define such words which have different meanings to different people. For such vague words such as `right' and `wrong', the context in which they are presented are vital pieces in order to define them. It is my belief, and a necessary requirement of this paper to somehow define these two words. It is obvious that these two words must be opposites of each other. Therefore, the understanding of one will easily lead to the understanding of its opposite. However, the words themselves will never be anything more than five letters grouped together. This is because your ethical theory and someone else's ethical theory could possible conflict causing for a discrepan... ...kill as a means of survival. At this point in time it is only necessary to kill certain animals as a form of food source and for other luxury items. There have been times when it was necessary for humans to kill an animal for food. I wonder if a person who did not eat meat would starve to death if the only thing to eat was meat? And as long as we do not over kill a certain species then they will continue to reproduce and the food chain will continue to work. Being descendants of other living things, humans must insure that nature is let to work on it own, continuing to do what it has done for many years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In response to subquestion one, I do not feel that it is possible to remain consistent in any ethical theory in which you live by. This is mainly because every ethical theory that I now of is entirely too focused and usually not completely relevant to every circumstance. The more broad your definition or theory is then the closer you come to the only one that will always work. The less you say what you can and cant do, the closer you come to saying nothing. Once you have generalized your theory so much that you eliminated everything then you are stuck with

New Belgium Case Analysis

Introduction The New Belgium Brewing Company is one of the top three craft beer breweries in the nation. It has experienced solid growth from its original entry as a niche marketer to a brand that is now distributed across the country. Much of New Belgium’s success is a result of a well-developed positioning strategy that promotes the company’s culture as much as its product. Not coincidentally, New Belgium’s target market chooses brands like Fat Tire because of both the company’s culture and its product.Our evaluation of the two New Belgium cases indicates that the craft beer industry remains an attractive investment for the company, particularly because of its specific capabilities and resources. The cases also suggest that a conservative growth outlook has the greatest probability of maintaining an acceptable level of profitability without sacrificing the company’s mission and core values.Finally, New Belgium’s positioning, particularly as it’s exemplified by the Fat Tire campaign, is a sustainable one for both current and future brands, though deliberate adaptations will be necessary as New Belgium expands into new markets SWOT Analysis Strengths (New Belgium)| Weaknesses (New Belgium)| High-quality beer, award-winning beers| Association with a single line of beer- Fat Tire| 7th Largest brewery in the nation, 3rd largest craft brewery| Increased pressure on maintaining company culture as a result of company growth| Strong growth with est. ales of over $100B and sales of over 700K barrels of beer| Continued reliance on natural gas and fossil fuels- non-renewable resources| $10M advertising budget for Fat Tire campaign| No follow-up of successful Fat-Tire ad campaign| Collaboration with Elysian Brewing Company| Increasing distribution distances| Customer Loyalty| Competition from craft brewers and craft beers from traditional brewers| Effective word-of-mouth advertising| Smaller advertising budget ($10M) than c ompetition (Sam Adams $35M)| Strong product association (Fat Tire Brewery)| One of the founders no longer with NBB| Social media presence: Facebook (300K; $50. M monetization), Twitter (100K), Pandora, Instagram, Beer Stream, YouTube| Customer blow back if environmental and social responsibility not as advertised| TV advertising differentiated from traditional breweries| Incompatibility between social responsibility and promotion of alcohol consumption| Clear market segmentation| Increased expense associated with sustainability efforts| Strong brand positioning| | Distribution in 29 states and DC| |Performance advantage of ethically and socially responsible companies| | Triple Bottom Line: economic, social, and environmental focus drives strategy| | Brand manifesto co-developed by Dr. Holt| | Clear mission, core values, and beliefs| | Long-standing commitment to sustainability| | â€Å"Sustainable Purchasing Guidelines†| | Awards for environmental achievement | | Admission of flaws in sustainability claims| |Dedication to socially responsible initiatives, corporate charity and philanthropy| | Event sponsorship to promote environmental responsibility| | Generous employee benefits that reflect company culture| | Awards for business ethics and work-place environment| | Grant-supported new plant in NC| | Opportunities (Craft Beer Industry)| Threats (Craft Beer Industry)| 16. 4 percent growth in craft beer industry| 2 percent decrease in total beer consumption| Fastest growing segment of US alcoholic beverage market w/>100 percent growth from 1999-2011| Accounts for only 5. percent of US beer market| Differentiation from traditional breweries| Competition from traditional and other craft breweries| Low cost per viewer TV advertising | Social stigma of alcohol consumption| Growth of social media as inexpensive source of advertising| Beer can become a commodity in a poor economy, decreasing demand for craft beers| Customer loyalty| Increased differentiation ef forts required to stand apart from traditional breweries| More immune to an economic downturn than traditional beers| |New Belgium and the Craft Beer Industry New Belgium Brewing Company is relatively small compared to the traditional breweries such as Anheuser Busch and Coors, though they are still the seventh-largest brewery in the nation. New Belgium is, however, the third-largest craft brewery in the nation, with estimated sales of over $100 million, equaling approximately 700,000 barrels of beer per year. An analysis of the craft beer industry as a whole suggests that there is continued growth potential for New Belgium.Exhibit 5. 1 of the New Belgium Brewing (B) case shows that craft beer is the fastest growing segment of the U. S. alcoholic beverage market, with an increase in market share of over 100 percent from 1999-2011. It is also an industry whose customers tend to be extremely loyal, making them less likely to view craft beer as a commodity. Consequently, craft beer has a higher probability of being immune to competition from inferior goods and substitutes.This is particularly applicable to New Belgium’s target market of â€Å"beer connoisseurs† that appreciate the high quality and taste of craft beer and who include â€Å"executives, lawyers, and accountants† with the continued ability to pay higher prices for craft beer, enabling the craft beer industry to achieve gross margins of up to 30 percent (Clark & Rogler, 2013). Four other strengths of New Belgium indicate continued growth in the craft beer industry. First, studies have shown that companies who sincerely promote ethical, social, and environmental responsibility outperform those on the S&P 500.New Belgium has been such a company from the very start. Second, they have exploited social media as an inexpensive advertising platform, with their Facebook presence alone accounting for over $50 million in annual sales. Third, New Belgium has shown that they can succeed in tr aditional television advertising as well with their Fat Tire campaign that produced an extremely successful positioning strategy resulting in significant sales increases. Fourth, New Belgium continues to look for ways to innovate, like their partnership with Elysian Brewing Company that could lead to greater efficiency and support new product development.New Belgium is a company that has received awards for their beer, for their ethics, for their employee care, and for their stewardship of the environment, all the while maintaining strong financial growth and market share. There is nothing to suggest that New Belgium cannot continue to succeed in the craft beer industry. New Belgium’s Growth Outlook New Belgium’s success to date in the industry has been a result of a conservative approach to growing their business- a â€Å"go slow to go fast† strategy. We believe it should continue to be conservative in its outlook on growth.New Belgium Brewing is a growing comp any, best exemplified by plans to open a second brewery in Asheville, North Carolina, in order to reach new markets on the east coast. This expansion, however, is creating pressure on the company’s commitment to sustainability. Even though the new plant will reduce the fuel necessary for east coast distribution, it still will result in an increase in the overall use of fossil fuels and non-renewable resources from current levels, not just with transportation but with production as well. In addition, the increased production will necessarily mean an increase in environmental waste by-products.An aggressive outlook on growth with a mindset of â€Å"grow, grow, grow† would further jeopardize the company’s ability to maintain sustainability efforts, which would not be consistent with New Belgium’s way of operating. New Belgium Brewing embraces a â€Å"triple bottom line† approach to business that factors economic, social, and environmental consideratio ns into its business strategy rather than simply looking at the bottom line. We believe that this has been critical in developing a strong brand preference through customer trust.New Belgium’s own study indicates the â€Å"39 percent of beer consumers will make extra efforts to buy from and support sustainable companies,† while outside studies suggest that a significant number of consumers support businesses that demonstrate sustainable practices. Going â€Å"fast† with an aggressive growth outlook would likely alienate New Belgium’s customer base and would violate every one of New Belgium’s Sustainable Branding Strategy principles, from â€Å"walk before talk† (living up to sustainability claims) to â€Å"make ripples† (convincing the customer that advertisements promote the brand and the culture behind it).In addition, an aggressive growth outlook would be contrary to some of New Belgium’s core values and beliefs, particularl y those that address environmental stewardship and commitment to trust through fulfilling promises. No one should doubt that New Belgium is in the business to â€Å"operate a profitable brewery† as its mission statement makes clear, but not at the expense of the other two bottom lines. For New Belgium Brewing Company, slow and steady leads the way. Fat Tire Positioning As noted above, New Belgium’s positioning of its Fat Tire brand was a success.Clancy (2001) defines positioning as â€Å"the message a company wants to imprint on the minds of customer and prospects about its product†¦and how it differs from and offers something better than competitors† (p. 1). In the case of Fat Tire, its positioning mirrored the company’s culture â€Å"where a highly creative activity†¦is pursued for the intrinsic value of doing it, as well as perfromed in a balanced manner with nature. † The message was about pursuing one’s interests (folly) but n ot in a way that reflect’s self-interest alone.It’s a message about recycling (restoring the bike), about caring for the environment (riding instead of driving), about relationships (the road biker and the tinkerer riding uphill together), and about the simple joy of simple things. It’s about good beer made by a literally â€Å"good† company. Compare this approach with the positioning of the largest craft brewer, Sam Adams, whose ads have â€Å"morphed into television spots that [look] more and more like the position of America’s Big Three brewers. The Fat Tire ad, on the other hand, cleary demonstrates that New Belgium is different than it’s competitors in the culture behind the beer, and that’s what New Belgium is after- the market who not only wants high quality, excellent craft beer but who also wants to be associated with a high quality company behind it. The Fat Tire campaign produced increased sales of 37 percent in test marke ts, and New Belgium’s sales force was able to leverage this success by convincing transactional customers to promote New Belgium’s secondary brands, increasing these sales by over 50 percent (Holt & Cameron, 2010).Given the results of the Fat Tire campaign, we recommend a continuation of the current positioning. Through Fat Tire, New Belgium has been able to differentiate itself in the craft beer industry by producing strong products that are well received by their target customers who are, or who see themselves as, smart, creative, athletic, environmentally conscious, and socially engaged. Target Markets The target consumer customer marketing strategy for the Fat Tire campaign focuses on the market concentration approach of selecting a single market segment and then identifying shared segmentation factors.For example, the campaign targets â€Å"high-end† (psychographic, behavioral) male beer drinkers ages 25-44 (demographic) who are mostly white-collar professi onals (demographic) who vacation in Colorado (geographic) for a taste of the mountain lifestyle (psychographic). This market longs for the life of the tinkerer (psychographic) but believe that they are unable to sacrifice their current circumstances in order to obtain it (psychographic). They can, however, make a connection to that life and to others in similar situations (psychographic, association/affinity) by drinking Fat Tire (behavioral).The transactional customer, on the other hand, is likely to be the local liquor store or grocer rather than supermarket or large retail discount center. For one, such distributors are more apt to carry craft beers because of their higher price and lower sales volume. More importantly, it is more probable that they are susceptible to local demands to carry New Belgium beers, the kind that result from the example noted by the case where a local Minnesota liquor store sold 400 cases of Fat Tire with the first hour of opening.Recommendations for th e Future Looking toward the future, the cases note that New Belgium has no plans to undertake another major television ad campaign similar to Fat Tire. We recommend that they reconsider this position, particularly as they move into the east coast market and open their Asheville brewery. Taking a pure aggregation approach by replicating current strategy there will probably not produce the success to which New Belgium has become accustomed.Having recently studied the early failures of Disney in Europe due to a lack of adaptation, we suggest a television ad campaign modeled after a listening tour, perhaps where the tinkerer and his single-speed bike tours the Carolinas, finding compatriots along the way. The tagline could be, â€Å"Beer is our folly. What’s yours? † The television ads would promote contact with New Belgium via social media, and local events would be sponsored to share New Belgium beer and culture with the east coast market, as well as to learn more about their new target market.Based upon what New Belgium learns, we also recommend developing a new craft beer specifically for the east coast market, fulfilling the transformational innovation activities of the Innovation Ambition Matrix (Limacher, 2012). We envision this campaign then developing television spots that show the tinkerer traveling through locations from the Maine coast to the Key West, with quick images of him restoring old junked treasures that represent the follies he previously learned about- a wooden canoe, an Appalachian fiddle, or an antique Penn ocean reel- all the while promoting New Belgium’s new brand.In addition to television ads, New Belgium would continue its established strategy of permission marketing using social media, which they have clearly established as having a strong correlation with annual sales. We project that if New Belgium follows this Sustainable Branding Strategy with an emphasis on adaptations to the new market, it will achieve succes s similar to the results from the Fat Tire campaign. Conclusion New Belgium is poised for significant growth because of the way that it has differentiated the company from other craft brewers.Despite a smaller advertising budget that larger competitors like Sam Adams, New Belgium has leveraged its advertising resources into developing a position that is distinctly different, which has created strong brand appeal among its target market. If New Belgium can maintain its original principles as it grows, we see a high likelihood that profits will follow. New Belgium’s â€Å"single speed† is absolutely the right vehicle to transport the company into the future. References Clancy, K. 2001). Whatever happened to positioning: Recent Copernicus study confirms the dissappearance of positioning. Copernicus. Clark, C. , & Rogler, J. (2013, March 8). Personal Interview. (M. Holcomb, Interviewer) Holt, D. , & Cameron, D. (2010). Cultural Strategy: Using Innovative Ideologies to Buil d Breakthrough Brands. New York: Oxford University Press. Limacher, R. (2012, May 25). Framework of the week – 81 -innovation ambition matrix. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from strategyhub. net: