Essay about Turner Thesis Summary - 653 Words

Turner Thesis Summary Throughout history society has to go through many changes that not only affect many of the people but also the areas around the transformation. The main point of Fredrick Jackson Turner’s thesis is what the real essence of America is, and how we’re all influenced by the many changes we have to go through. He believes that American history should not be focused on the extension of European enterprise. The society will have to realize that America will have to be emancipated because of the fact that we had a country with an unlimited amount of boundaries and have to come to realization that we have many closed-spaced limits. The views in the seminal essay share his thoughts on the idea of how the frontier shaped†¦show more content†¦The subject of tariff and internal improvement is the main question that had to do with the slavery struggle in the west. The first frontier had to meet â€Å"Indian questions,† and those questions dealt with the composition o f the public domain, the intercourse with other older settlements, of the political extension organization. There were land policies such as having to know the mining experience in regions like Wisconsin, Illinois, and Iowa, and the Indian policy had been a series of experiments on successive frontiers. Coming to the west, it was expected that getting used to the culture and the religion was a must. The French colonization was dominated by its trading frontier, and the English colonization was dominated by its farming frontier. The conditions of the frontier life came with smart traits of importance. Travelers works along each frontier from colonial days describe certain common traits. Turner states that the most effective efforts of the East to regulate the frontier and came through it educational and religious activity, by interstate migration and organized societies. After reading Turner’s Thesis, it is easy to understand the more important concept of moving the Frontier t o the West. He states how we are influenced by the changes the America has to go through. He believes that theShow MoreRelatedThesis Statement . The Act Of Suicide Effects Many Individuals1528 Words   |  7 PagesThesis Statement The act of suicide effects many individuals worldwide. The medical definition of suicide is â€Å"the act or an instance of taking one’s own life voluntarily and intentionally† (Turner,1). However, suicide is more than just a medical condition. Emile Durkheim, referred to this state as altruism, which means that an individual’s personality is preserved to be of little value; he called this altruistic suicide (Douglas, 13). On the other hand, there are many types of cause and effectRead MoreFrederick Jackson Turner s Frontier Thesis1752 Words   |  8 PagesFrederick Jackson Turner’s Frontier Thesis In 1893, at the 400th anniversary of the appearance of Columbus in the Americas celebrated in Chicago , Frederick Jackson Turner presented an academic paper entitled, â€Å"The Significance of the Frontier in American History† In this essay, Turner proposes that, â€Å"The existence of an area of free land, its continuous recession, and the advance of American settlement westward explain American development.† The group dynamic that Turner champions is the farmer. MoreRead MoreU.s. Foreign Policy Up1045 Words   |  5 Pagesagreement between China and U.S. in which America got trading terms with China. The Treaty of Kanagawa was another agreement between the U.S. and Japan in which the U.S. got coaling rights and trade rights in Japan. Watch the video. Write a brief summary of video. Focus on continuity and change (based on part 1) and periodization. Why did America resort to imperialism? Most importantly, America wanted to advance its economics; it wanted to get involved in international markets and eventually becomeRead MorePornography : Men Possessing Women1614 Words   |  7 Pagesembarrassed by their role as participants in a sexual act. In fact, the issue of race as a unique issue or as one intertwined within pornographic mediums is not included in the text until the last chapter of the book, where Dworkin provides an eight-page summary a single book, Black Fashion Model, featuring a young African American woman. Dworkin’s following critique of racism within pornography is then completed in a mere six sentences, and simultaneously serves as a critique of â€Å"The Left† (i.e. those notRead MoreThe Importance Of American Culture And Its Impact On The World1805 Words   |  8 Pagesprovide us with the values and diversity of the world around us. It helps us perceive how people think, how people behave, eat and drink, how people wear, what language they speak, and what festivals they celebrate (Allen Turner, 1996). The list is endless. Hence, the thesis of this paper will be to find out the importance of American culture and its impact on the world. The United States of America has surely become the world’s leading industrial power from the beginning of the 20th century. MillionsRead MoreEmployee Productivity Is The Backbone Of Any Enterprise3956 Words   |  16 Pagesstay on top of what sustains employee loyalty and employee productivity. Several elements contribute to effective employee productivity, including employee job satisfaction and morale (Axilrod, 2015; Manson, 2014; Jarrow, 2013; Kaupelyte, 2013; Turner, 2013; Amabile Kramer, 2012; Walters, 2010; Bowles Cooper, 2009). Neely (2013) asserts that â€Å"Regardless of the profession or type of work, the central element that has had a stake in productivity, longevity and overall success of any organizationRead MoreEconomic Value of Water1904 Words   |  8 Pagescompiled in this context, vis-à  -vis view points of different cultural and other interest groups give rise to different degrees of support for alternative decision-making procedures and the underly ing valuations elicited via the social discourse process (Turner et al, 2004). Relevance and justification The study is intended to contribute to the national capacity building for water management. From the foregoing it can be seen that the study is important since it will contribute to the determinationRead MoreRelationship Between Employee Morale And Employee Productivity3617 Words   |  15 Pagesstay on top of what sustains employee loyalty and employee productivity. Several elements contribute to effective employee productivity, including employee job satisfaction and morale (Axilrod, 2015; Manson, 2014; Jarrow, 2013; Kaupelyte, 2013; Turner, 2013; Amabile Kramer, 2012; Walters, 2010; Bowles Cooper, 2009). Neely (2013) asserts that â€Å"Regardless of the profession or type of work, the central element that has had a stake in productivity, longevity and overall success of any organizationRead MoreEu Integration Theories-Neofunctionalism3441 Words   |  14 Pages(Stroby-Jensen in Cini, 2007:84). The main reason for this arguments is one of the key concepts of neo-functionali sm, namely spillover, which will be substantiated in the next part. 2. Main concepts of Neo-functionalist theory The Spillover thesis Neo-functionalist theory assumes that cooperation in a certain area triggers cooperation in several other areas areas (sometimes not previously planned ones) to achieve a through integration in the original area and creates new political goals (Stroby-JensenRead MoreFirst Time Homebuyers Guide to Success2428 Words   |  10 Pagesfirst time homebuyers on how to properly plan and prepare for buying a home and what to expect throughout the home buying process. Thesis: Buying your first home can be an enjoyable, exciting and profitable experience given specific knowledge of the process and a basic understanding of the market place. I. INTRODUCTION A. Greeting: Hello, my name is Josh Turner and today I will be providing you with invaluable knowledge on realizing the American dream. B. Attention Grabber: C. Credibility

Media oriented systems transport Free Essays

MOST is a technology that employs high speed multimedia network which facilitates common devices like PDA, DVD, radio and many others for the purpose of getting used by them at the lowest cost. The common devices can connect with this network to provide functionality to the end consumers to avail live audio and video having a standardized interface. It provides extendibility and reliability to the devices. We will write a custom essay sample on Media oriented systems transport or any similar topic only for you Order Now Extendibility in the sense that more standardized devices can be easily added to the MOST networks without problems. Reliability compounds to the workability of the devices so that any device following the standard TCP/IP protocol. The reusability feature would enhance the functionality as more devices with a HMI (Human Machine Interface) can interact with each other for using the multimedia features. MOST devise are connected using a ring which feeds the output to the input of the device in a circular manner. The token which travels in the network is a frame which contains streaming data segment, packet data and control information (MOST.com). The streaming data flows in the ring at the same speed the network is running. The synchronous feature of the data flowing in the network is at the same speed and retains the quality of the data. However packet data is non-synchronous in nature and may flow in several frames. The amount of streaming data and packet data forms a larger portion of the frame and the ratio is according to the application requirements. Control data on the other hand forms a little portion of the frame and contain the control information. It signals of the information into parts, in every frame so that it is grouped and regrouped by the receiving device for the knowledge of the placement of segment and packet data. The MOST devices make sure that it follows functional and hierarchical system models which can be interchanged with other devices in the network to promote reusability for the various functionalities of the devices in the network. The components are modular in nature which promotes the inheritance and reusability of the modules to be combined with other modules. It also facilitates re-partitioning of the model for communication. For use in different devices other than vehicles, the model can be organized in a manner that it fits any architecture. The physical layer of the technology relies on the ring which the MOST topology follows. It pushes a frame into the network which travels and loads and reloads data to the connecting device in the network. According to the decided transfer of data, the related audio and video would be transmitted to the connecting device for its display. MOST was not aware to me before this assignment. The networking concepts for ring topology and frame distribution of packets made sure that the background is well built to understand the concept and idea of MOST and its usage. MOST was quite different concept to sharing of real time multimedia data over the network. In comparison to company LAN or WAN it offers more reliability, security and is independent of architecture. The underlying nature of the network is completely ignored in this technology. The functionality of the devices is broken into modules that can be merged with other modules in the network to share the functionality and modular approach. A company’s LAN or WAN would not be independent to architecture issues and reusability issues are quite absent in the LAN or WAN. The MOST technology makes sure that it can render functionality like architecture neutral, platform dependent and network architecture independent. References / Bibliography MOST.com. Retrieved 7, October 2007 from http://www.mostcooperation.com/technology/introduction/index.html. How to cite Media oriented systems transport, Essay examples

Comparison of Innovation Policy and Opportunities

Question: Discuss about the Comparison of Innovation Policy and Opportunities. Answer: Introduction The present international market environment has impacted the economies as well as the markets. From the period of last two decades, there has been observed significant fluctuations in the marketing trends. There were several transformations in the world, ranging from restricting of the markets to economic crisis. In the era of globalization and industrialization, the companies are considerably attracting towards the developing and emerging economies. There are several nations which possess rising GDPs such as India, China, Mexico, Brazil etc. These nations are the targeting countries for international trade and investments and have utmost chances of leading the global economy in the coming future (Mathews, Ribeiro and Vega, 2012). From the overseas trades to the political strengths, the developing economies play a vital role in controlling the international market. The developing nations are recognized as the global emerging markets. The investors consider the developing markets as the potential investment accomplishment. The developing markets are the one which are not recognized as completely developed but at the path of developing rapidly with an increasing arte. The following report will highlight the attractiveness of China as one of the highly developing and emerging economies and favored destination for trade and investments (Ramasamy, Yeung and Laforet, 2012). Country attractiveness towards international trade and investment China is recognized as one of the top most and leading developing economies which is attracting high foreign investments. From the capital availability point of view, in the early 2000s, the United States was overtaken by China in the category of largest beneficiary of foreign capital (Lin, Yang and Shyua, 2013). The foreign direct investments are those capital investments which an external investor is willing to place in some another local region based upon the economic conditions of that region. China is continuously developing with an up surging rate and this fetches the attention of the investors for having trade and investments in China. From the competitive point of view as the attractiveness of China as a trade destination is more dependent upon the development of its business value chain, workforce skills, productivity, resource availability and infrastructure. China is considered as more attractive with the level of maturity of all these above mentioned factors possess in comparison with the other emerging economies such as India, Indonesia, Mexico, etc. (Ramasamy, Yeung and Laforet, 2012). A developing economy has an essential need for potential and improved resources and infrastructure for facilitating the sales of services and the goods. Because of the maturation of these elements, China has vey squat transaction costs that results in high earning on the investments and thus it boost the rate of investments in the country. In China, there are also available skilled and competent labors at very low prices; this ensures the foreign investors that can achieve higher productivity at very low prices (Whalley and Xi an, 2010). From the regulatory aspect, it is identified that the regulatory forces have their major role in impeding or encouraging the foreign direct investments in any region. Extreme or too many regulations results in hindrance of the business activities, as the employees as well as the managers have to spend additional capital and time for complying the regulations and rules. The investors or the several MNCs which plans to have expansion or trade and investments in China, the factors like regulations, compliance, legal exposure and start-up costs etc. can encourage the investors for having trade in China as China offers leverage several positive reinforcements in regards with these factors. In China, there is vast governmental support which is offered by the regulatory bodies such as tax benefits, providing subsidies and offering government loans and grants. The businesses make high profits and revenues because most of the financial inducements are sponsored by the government (Barboza, 201 0). From the stability perspective, the investors usually select those nations which have high economic and political stability as the stability demonstrates the opportunities for the businesses to have sustainable future in the overseas region. China possess a virtuous justice system which ensures that there is elimination of corrupt of rogue practices so that there can be offered improved safety to the offshore trade investments and therefore there can be greater economic development of the country (Lee, Syed and Xueyan, 2012). From the business climate and marketing aspect, it has been evaluated that there are several positive factors which fetches the attention of the investors. The primary factor is the size of its markets and the population. The higher the population size is, the better are the opportunities available for the investors for expanding their reach. The markets of China are highly extended which acts as one of the key reason for selecting China as an investment destination (Ramasamy, Yeung and Laforet, 2012). The economy of China keeps on maturing, evolving and prospering which results in rise of the industries in sectors like luxury goods, robotics, engineering and technology. From the last two decades the Chinese economy has experience huge number of foreign direct investments which leads to increase development t of the economy in all aspects. And the mote it will progress in future, the greater will be the number of FDIs provided by the investors (Chen, 2011). Openness to the international and regional trade is one of the key prospective of performing trade and investment in China. In China, there are export-friendly policies which give rise to investments in China by foreign investors. There is a business friendly environment and free trade agreement in the country which supports the emerging economy through huge investments (Riccardi, 2016). The economic facts of China demonstrate that the GDP of the nation is rising with a potential rate which strengthens the economy and fascinate the foreign investors. As per the 2012 data, the FDI stocks was $832.9 billion which shows that the economy is continuously booming and the foreign investor is one of the key factor behind the economic development of the country (fdiattractiveness, 2014). Challenges in upholding investments in China At the time of performing overseas trade and investments, there are also some kinds of international challenges or barriers which the investors or the multinational companies face. China has multiple potential elements which emphasize the traders and foreign investors to invest in the country but at same time, there are factors which restrict the investments of many foreign entities. These challenges comprises of number of things such as the judicial system is found to be biased as they try to save the Chinese locals from the global competition and because of these there are separate laws and regulations for the foreign traders and organisations and for the local retailers and this results n development of unethical business practices (Overholt, 2010). There is also a policy of mandatory joint venture, in which it is mandatory for the foreign investor to have partnership with a local Chinese company or with the government agency, and then only the foreign investor is allowed to carry out the operations in China. Thus, such restrictions bind the various foreign investors as they want to have a separate entity rather than a joint venture with an existing Chinese company (Liu, 2012). There are some other factors also which hinders the increased amount of foreign investments in China such as fake products, counterfeit currency, kidnappings, blackmail, criminal activities and violence. All such issues decrease the efficacy of the country of carrying out trade activities. The foreign traders or the companies do not found a secured and safe working environment and this result in decrease of foreign investments in the nation. The another key factor is the increasing market competition, China is one of the most developing nations and so the number of MNCs performing business in China are rising and this gives competition threat to other foreign trader and the companies who are planning to invest in China (Tse, 2010). Therefore, all these factors restrict the foreign trader to have substantial investments in China. Policy Recommendations to overcome the challenges identified There are few policy recommendations for the investors to overcome the challenges identified in the analysis of China and its economy and market. It is recommended that, there must be taken use of strategy of merger or acquisition for having business in China as there are several rules related to the joint venture which binds the foreign investors to have smooth operations in the country. The investors must perform an appropriate due diligence as soon as possible so that they may know about the uncover risks associated with the deals and can make a strategic decision. There must be taken use of the locally based advisors at the time of making agreements or buying deals so that their knowledge and experience can be taken use of for managing the challenges of foreign trade and investments. They will support the foreign traders in resolving issues, performing due diligence and assisting them with negotiations (Du Toit, 2013). There must be performed an in-depth analysis of the country where the foreign investors are planning to invests so that they can have insights of all the potential risks and opportunities present in the nation. This will help the investors in taking calculated risks and making informed decisions. At the time of making agreements of foreign investment, it is essential that the foreign investors must remain persistent, patient and flexible so that there can be fruitful negotiation process and investment in the target nation (PwC, 2013). Conclusion Making foreign investments is a significant element of globalized and industrialized world. The developing and emerging economies are leading the world of investments. Because of enormous growth and profit opportunities, the foreign investors are highly attracted towards these developing markets. From the report, it has been concluded that China is one of the most developing economies which offer potential opportunities to several foreign investors and supporting them to expand their business. The report has highlighted several budding factors of Chinese economy such as large population and market size, highly developed infrastructure, advanced business value chain, competent workforce, higher productivity, enormous resource availability, etc. all these factors boost the investments in the nation and developed China as one of the most favored investment destinations. But with huge potential and budding opportunities, there are also some challenges, which the investors are required to identify, analyze and manage for successful trade and investments. The policy recommendations can help the foreign investors in having a more strategic and successful investment in the states of China. Therefore, kit is concluded that, the developing nations are a major source of revenue generation by the means of foreign investments, but at the same time it is also essential that the investors must perform an effective analysis of the emerging countries and the investment deals. References Barboza, D., 2010. China passes Japan as second-largest economy.The New York Times,15. Chen, C., 2011. Foreign direct investment in China.Cheltenham: Elgar. Du Toit, G., 2013. Political risk factors: what Chinese companies need to assess when investing in Africa. Fdiattractiveness, 2014. A Global Foreign Direct Investment Country Attractiveness Index. Accessed on: 11th April, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.fdiattractiveness.com/china/ Fetscherin, M., Voss, H. and Gugler, P., 2010. 30 Years of foreign direct investment to China: An interdisciplinary literature review.International business review,19(3), pp.235-246. Lee, M.I.H., Syed, M.M.H. and Xueyan, M.L., 2012.Is China over-investing and does it matter?(No. 12-277). International Monetary Fund. Lin, C.C., Yang, C.H. and Shyua, J.Z., 2013. A comparison of innovation policy in the smart grid industry across the pacific: China and the USA.Energy Policy,57, pp.119-132. Liu, Y., 2012. Investing in China: Opportunities and Risks in the Future.Journal of Financial Risk Management,1(01), p.1. Mathews, G., Ribeiro, G.L. and Vega, C.A. eds., 2012.Globalization from below: the world's other economy. Routledge. Overholt, W.H., 2010. China in the global financial crisis: Rising influence, rising challenges.The Washington Quarterly,33(1), pp.21-34. PwC, 2013. Doing business and investing in China. Pp.190. Accessed on: 11th April, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.pwccn.com/en/migration/pdf/iic-full.pdf Ramasamy, B., Yeung, M. and Laforet, S., 2012. China's outward foreign direct investment: Location choice and firm ownership.Journal of world business,47(1), pp.17-25. Riccardi, L., 2016.Investing in China Through Free Trade Zones. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Tse, E., 2010. Is it too late to enter China.Harvard business review,88(4), pp.96-101. UNCTAD, 2016. WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2016. Investor Nationality: Policy Challenges. Pp.232. Accessed on: 11th April, 2017. Accessed from: https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2016_en.pdf Whalley, J. and Xian, X., 2010. China's FDI and non-FDI economies and the sustainability of future high Chinese growth.China Economic Review,21(1), pp.123-135.

Time And Fate In Romeo And Juliet Essays - , Term Papers

Time and Fate in Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet, said to be one of the most famous love stories of all times, is a play anchored on time and fate. Some actions are believed to occur by chance or by destiny. The timing of each action influences the outcome of the play. While some events are of less significance, some are crucial to the development of this tragedy. The substantial events that inspire the conclusion of Romeo and Juliet are; the Capulet ball, the quarrel experienced by Tybalt and Romeo, and Friar John's plague. A servant to Capulet, who is incapable of reading the list of guests, asks for Romeo's assistance. Romeo notices that Rosaline, his lover, is among these names. Benvolio challenges Romeo to compare her with other "beauties." Benvolio predicts, "Compare her face with some that I shall show,/ And I will make thee think thy swan a crow." (I, ii, l 86-87) To show his appreciation, the servant asks for Romeo's presence at the ball. Romeo should have considered the servant's warning; if Romeo occupies the name of Montague, he shall not be permitted. Once at the ball, Romeo is searching for a maiden to substitute the unrequited love of Rosaline. Romeo happens to gaze upon Juliet, who charms Romeo. Romeo proclaims, " Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight!/ For ne'er saw true beauty till this night." (I, v, l 52-53) Since Romeo declares his love for Juliet, she feels the attraction also. They believe that they are in love and must marry. However, it is a genuine coincidence that Romeo and Juliet were at the same place, at the same time. Some days after the ball, Benvolio and Mercutio are conversing, in regard to the quarrelsome weather. Benvolio declares, "The day is hot, the Capulets abroad,/ And if we meet we shall not ?scape a brawl,/ For now these got days is the mad blood stirring." (III, i, l 2-4) At this point, Tybalt, who has challenged Romeo because of his appearance at the masquerade, enters, seeking Romeo. On Romeo's behalf, Mercutio struggles with Tybalt, while Romeo, who is filled with love for his new cousin, tries to end their boldness. Before escaping, Tybalt plunges his sword into Mercutio, causing death to fall upon him. Mercutio blames Romeo and the feud for his fate. Romeo kills Tybalt, who taunts Romeo, upon his return. Romeo fears he will be condemned to death if he does not flee before the arrival of the Prince. Benvolio recalls the events that have happened, with some embellishment. The Prince declares: And for that offence/ Immediately we do exile him hence./ I hav an in your hate's proceeding,/ My blood for your rude brawls doth lie a-bleeding;/ But I'll amerce you with so strong a fine/ That you shall repent the loss of mine./ I will be deaf to pleading and excuses;/ Nor tears nor prayers shall purchase out abuses;/ Therefore use none. Let Romeo hence in haste,/ Else, when he's found, that hour is his last./ Bear hence this body and attend our will./ Mercy but murders, pardoning those that kill. (III, i, l 185-195) Due to the disturbance of Verona's street and the losses of Tybalt and Mercutio, the Prince must penalize Romeo. However, the Prince agrees that Romeo was acting in self defense. Juliet, who desires not to wed Paris, asks for Friar Laurence's assistance. The day before the wedding, Juliet is to drink the poison, which will make her appear to be dead. In forty two hours she shall awake, with Romeo by her side. Romeo will then bring her to Mantua with him. In the meantime Friar Laurence will convey a message to Romeo in Mantua, telling him the plot. When she gains consciousness, Romeo and Friar Laurence will be there. Friar Laurence says, "Shall Romeo by my letters know our drift,/ And hither shall he come; and he and I/ Will watch thy waking" (IV, i, l 114-116) Following Juliet's intake of the poison, Romeo is anticipating news from Verona. Balthasar, a servant to Romeo, tells Romeo that Juliet has passed on. Romeo, who is told there are no letters from the friar, seeks

Free Essays on The Learning Organization - Systems Thinking

â€Å"systems thinking† mean many things to many people. A system can be defined as a collection of parts or factors that maintains its existence through interaction with each other in a specific order to function as a whole. The human body is a good example. Systems have input, processes, outputs and outcomes, with ongoing feedback among these various parts. Removing one part of the system changes the nature of the system. The systems thinking approach differs from the traditional forms of analysis that focuses on the separation of individual pieces being studied. Systems thinking in contrast, is the ability to understand the pieces as a whole and appreciate the consequences of actions on other parts of the system. Instead of just thinking how A causes B, systems thinking uses a circle to consider the ways in which B influences A. The systems thinking discipline has often been viewed as the foundat... Free Essays on The Learning Organization - Systems Thinking Free Essays on The Learning Organization - Systems Thinking 7/27/00 The Learning Organization Learning Paper 1 – Systems Thinking I. Introduction to systems thinking a. History of systems thinking b. Systems thinking defined II. Barriers to systems thinking a. Spatial blindness b. Temporal blindness c. Relationship blindness III. Systems thinking tools a. Storytelling b. Links and loops c. System archetypes IV. Why systems thinking is essential a. Benefits b. Specifics to a Learning Organization V. Characteristics of systems thinkers a. Individually and within organizations VI. Conclusion to systems thinking For many, including myself, systems thinking is a relatively new concept that began in 1956 when J.W. Foster at MIT began to apply the knowledge he gained from his work in electromechanical research towards management of corporate environments. Today the world is very complex and getting more so with increasing technological inventions and innovations. Systems Thinking is fast becoming a powerful tool for decision making and organizational change. The words â€Å"systems thinking† mean many things to many people. A system can be defined as a collection of parts or factors that maintains its existence through interaction with each other in a specific order to function as a whole. The human body is a good example. Systems have input, processes, outputs and outcomes, with ongoing feedback among these various parts. Removing one part of the system changes the nature of the system. The systems thinking approach differs from the traditional forms of analysis that focuses on the separation of individual pieces being studied. Systems thinking in contrast, is the ability to understand the pieces as a whole and appreciate the consequences of actions on other parts of the system. Instead of just thinking how A causes B, systems thinking uses a circle to consider the ways in which B influences A. The systems thinking discipline has often been viewed as the foundat...

The Power of Pythons String Templates

The Power of Pythons String Templates Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language. It is easy to learn because its syntax emphasizes readability, which reduces the expense of program maintenance. Many programmers love working with Python because- without the compilation step- testing and debugging go quickly.​ Python Web Templating Templating, especially web templating, represents data in forms usually intended to be readable by  a viewer. The simplest form of a templating engine substitutes values into the template to produce the output.   Aside from the string constants and the deprecated string functions, which moved to string methods, Pythons string module also includes string templates. The template itself is a class that receives a string as its argument. The object instantiated from that class is called a template string object. Template strings were first introduced in Python 2.4. Where string formatting operators used the percentage sign for substitutions, the template object uses dollar signs. $$ is an escape sequence; it is replaced with a single $.$identifier names a substitution placeholder matching a mapping key of identifier. By default, identifier must spell a Python identifier. The first non-identifier character after the $ character terminates this placeholder specification.${identifier} is equivalent to $identifier. It is required when valid identifier characters follow the placeholder but are not part of the placeholder, such as ${noun}ification. Outside of these uses of the dollar sign, any appearance of $ causes a ValueError to be raised. The methods available through template strings are as follows: Class string. Template(template): The constructor takes a single argument, which is the template string.Substitute(mapping, **keywords): Method that substitutes the string values (mapping) for the template string values. Mapping is a dictionary-like object, and its values may be accessed as a dictionary. If the keywords argument is used, it represents placeholders. Where both mapping and keywords are used, the latter takes precedence. If a placeholder is missing from mapping or keywords, a KeyError is thrown.Safe_substitute(mapping, **keywords): Functions similarly to substitute(). However, if a placeholder is missing from mapping or keywords, the original placeholder is used by default, thus avoiding the KeyError. Also, any occurrence of $ returns a dollar sign. Template objects also have one publicly available attribute: Template is the object passed to the constructors template argument. While read-only access is not enforced, it is best not to change this attribute in your program. The sample shell session below serves to illustrate template string objects. from string import Template s Template($when, $who $action $what.) s.substitute(whenIn the summer, whoJohn, actiondrinks, whaticed tea) In the summer, John drinks iced tea. s.substitute(whenAt night, whoJean, actioneats, whatpopcorn) At night, Jean eats popcorn. s.template $when, $who $action $what. d dict(whenin the summer) Template($who $action $what $when).safe_substitute(d) $who $action $what in the summer

A holiday i don't like Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A holiday i don't like - Essay Example New Year Eve (late hours of December 31 and the early hours of January 1st) is the event I do not like. Although it is a social holiday in the United States (Immihelp.com), I have found few of the public activities relevant to the practical life. Moreover, I have been frequently haunted by the aching memories of a black New Year Eve since my childhood. I dislike this holiday for numerous reasons. Initially, I do not find any fun in saying good bye to the outgoing year and welcoming a better new year since we are solely responsible for the peace and adversity of our lives. It is ridiculous that people undertake new commitments in the beginning of every year and forget them as time passes. Subsequently lives go worse than that of the previous year and people again burn effigy of the outgoing year as if it was the perpetrator for the hardship. Taking great vows and putting little effort to perform them make little change in one’s life. This is what generally happens with people in every New Year event. Furthermore, many people who participate in the New Year celebration are not really aware of the relevance of the activities and functions. To the majority of them it is the day of unlimited fun and abuse. Drunkards and thugs make complete mayhem and perform anti-social activities and crimes on this eve. The whole nation plunges into atrocity on every New Year eve and in fact, New Year dawn wakes up from a horrible night of disorder. The excessive consumption of alcohol intensifies accidents, conflicts, fights, and deaths. Several people die because of fireworks mishaps and other accidents. It was at the age of twelve, I confronted with the evil facet of New Year celebration for the first time in my life. My parents were highly religious that they used to attend ‘Watch Night’ on every New Year Eve. Manhattan with its all beauty appeared to be alluring in

Stakeholder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Stakeholder - Essay Example The inclusive definition includes any group or person who can be affected by the organization’s acts or who can affect the acts of an organization and now has expanded including non-humans too. The exclusive definition includes stakeholders that are focused on from the manager’s point of view such as the power of the stakeholder, the dependence of the institution on that stakeholder or even the risk from that particular stakeholder. The organizations that focus on the maximization of their wealth try to reduce and limit the quantity of stakeholders and try to aim on the financial measures. According to some writers, â€Å"stakeholders are recognized by the real or possible harms and gains that they will undergo or expect undergoing as a result of an organization’s activity or inactivity.† But such definitions are criticized due to the lack of specification and due to the challenges in recognizing the various stakeholders. Sometimes stakeholders are referred to as those people, who have the power to affect the institution, who the right of a relationship with the institution or have the importance to claim (Driscoll and Starik, 57). In present day’s nature is also being included in as one or more stakeholder(s) because of its importance not only to human life but also to the objectives, aims and intentions of a business o r a firm. As we previously studied that a stakeholder is an entity which gets affected by the acts or actions of an institution or has an effect on the acts or actions of an institution. Thus, nature has a lot of affects on the acts and actions of a firm and also gets affected to a very big extent by the acts and actions of a firm. Hence, nature and everything that comes in it hold the position of one or more stakeholder(s). But the fact that nature gets represented by social and ethical groups and by the various communities thus it many times does not gain the status of a stakeholder

Swiss neutrality after the cold war Essay Example for Free

Swiss neutrality after the cold war Essay The creation of the range and confines of Swiss neutrality at the point in time of its beginning and progress differed noticeably from that of these days; it may be portrayed as looser, broader and vaguer. The bipolar power-and-pact arrangement fell apart with the conclusion of the Cold War. Ever since, the global arena has seemed further complex and erratic. â€Å"Even if the balance of terror was anything other than a peaceful state, the international situation was more easily assessed then than it is today. †(Goetschel, 2005) Subsequent to the Second World War and throughout the Cold War, the Swiss government decision-makers superior the significance of impartiality at home and connected it to sovereignty. The wide-ranging population accepted this, credit in part to the combined experience of being spared the destruction of the Second World War. A neutral stance, connected with noticeable anti-communism, was seen as a method to defend in opposition to reputed threats to autonomy – be it from the Russians or from organizations with international prominence. Dissimilar to multi-polarity, bipolarity was more straightforward, and the superior meditation of power condensed susceptibility. Subsequent to the Cold War, neo-realists predicted military conflict to shatter the European continent once again. This was due to the fact that wars in Europe were actually potential threat once more, established in geographically restricted regions because of the fall of the accord system. However, these are clashes within states, not warfare between them. The modification in international relations at the conclusion of the Cold War lead to a continuing sharp rise in value for foreign policy carried out multilaterally, as different to customary mutual relations. Both the investigation for new international ideologies of organization and the opinionated management of globalization command a collective political approach; more and more, this is taking place. This is relevant to an even higher level to Europe, where the political society of EU countries carries on developing and integrating. Nation-states stay the most significant actors, but the surroundings in which they pursue and put into effect their interests has changed. During the Cold War, foreign policy and foreign trade policy were more or less identical in Switzerland, since it deliberately endorsed apolitical monetary foreign relations, in maintenance of traditional explanations of Swiss impartiality. Since then, Switzerlands foreign trade guiding principle has assisted it realize notable financially viable incorporation in the world, in spite of its small-state identity (the recurrent justification for unreceptive policy in further areas of foreign associations). Switzerlands participation in NATOs Partnership for Peace (Web 1) is a glaring example. Hastening transformation in the worldwide arena since the closing stages of the Cold War has impacted Swiss foreign policy in two ways: mutual action has developed as being more important, and the overlap of domestic and foreign policy has increased. This paper’s conclusions focus on these two points, which have originated a rise in the contradictory goals and confront that shape rational foreign policy. Global conditions influence independence, power and national interests. States, doesn’t matter if they are large or small, can ever expect to have absolute autonomy. At present independence tends to play a superior role in discussions than territorial barriers do. This calls for a combined political approach, particularly when probing for new principles of intercontinental order and dealing politically with globalization. Resources Goetschel, Laurent. 2005. Swiss Foreign Policy. Publisher: Rout ledge. Web 1- http://www. eda. admin. ch/etc/medialib/downloads/edazen/doc/publi. Par. 0012. File. tmp/Swiss%20Neutrality%20in%20Practice%20-%20Current%20Aspects. pdf

First Love: Pathway To Adulthood :: essays research papers

First Love: Pathway to Adulthood Love is one of the strongest emotions that a human being can feel. It can arise ever so suddenly, spreading a feeling of warm happiness through every inch of a person; like wildfire spreading through a tree. But as the feelings become more intense, the flame of passion can turn into a blazing fire that burns painfully through every vein. A person's first love is especially powerful because it grows from an innocent, naà ¯ve passion. Such was the case for both Vladimir, in Turgenev's First Love, and Tatyana, in Pushkin's Eugene Onegin. The first experience of unrequited love for Vladimir and Tatyana was filled with these raptures and tribulations, which, although left them broken hearted, gave them the strength and maturity needed to become adults. Throughout the genre of First Love, Vladimir was shown to be completely swooped up in overwhelming emotion for Zinaida. Vladimir was entranced with her beauty from the moment he first saw her, "I gazed at her, and how dear she already was to me , and how near. It seemed to me that I had known her for a long time, and that before her I had known nothing and had not lived†¦. (33)" Vladimir was in love at the first sight of her. He couldn't help himself from becoming infatuated with her because he didn't know the first thing about love. As the genre moves on, Vladimir's feelings for Zinaida became deeper and deeper. Vladimir thought to himself: I felt weary and at peace, but the image of Zinaida still hovered triumphant over my soul, though even this image seemed more tranquil. Like a swan rising from the grasses of the marsh, it stood out from the unlovely shapes which surrounded it, and I, as I fell asleep, in parting for the last time clung to it, in trusting adoration. (48) Vladimir allows himself to become completely wrapped up in Zinaida to the point where it becomes an obsession. He is in love with her so much that he even envisions himself rescuing her, as if from any other man: "I saw a vision of myself saving her from the hands of her enemies: I imagined how, covered with blood, I tore her from the very jaws of some dark dungeon and then died at her feet (71-72)." Vladimir was so lost in love for Zinaida that he fantasized about her in order to make their love seem real. Although Vladimir's obsessive love for Zinaida brought wonderful emotions, it also brought the pain and suffering of jealousy and rejection. The raptures that Vladimir experienced went hand in hand with the

Contemporary Art Movement Discussion

Art movements possess varying definitions that are given by art critics, historians and even artists. They emerge from Classical period and then followed by escapes or transitions from the traditions or a mixture of two movements that eventually give birth to another movement of a period. Contemporary art which is personally defined as â€Å"art of the present,† encompasses a number of artistic movements; one of which is performance art, a contemporary art movement that focuses on the acts of the artists who utilize their body to demonstrate a certain work or piece of art.Art pieces that are created during the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries belong in the realm of contemporary art. These are the objects of outgrowth and rejection of modern art. When abstract expressionism’s power and drive shrinks, nouveau art movements and styles arise during 1960s and 1970s to summon and to displace the modernism in visual arts and other media (Contemporary Art, 2008). The d efinition of the term â€Å"contemporary art† varies from art critics to art historians because confusion lies amid the two concepts: â€Å"modern† and â€Å"contemporary,† due to the reason that contemporary art follows modern art.Therefore, no one seems to agree with regards to the exact meaning of the term because there has been no particular agreement on when â€Å"modern art† has ended (What is Contemporary Art? 2008). However, other descriptions regard it as a term that generally refers to the art crafted on the second half of the twentieth century (Harry Carlton School, 2009). On the other hand, three simple definitions cover the concept â€Å"contemporary art. † And these include the following characterization: First, contemporary art is the art created after 1945.It is the meaning that is adhered by most museums; on the contrary, historians affirm it as outdated. Second, contemporary art is art produced in our era or lifetimes. It is the d efinition used by general art historians; however, it is too vague for the functions and purposes. Third, contemporary art is art produced since the 1960s. It is the description that is commonly utilized by art historians and critics but disagreement materializes as to the accurate cut-off date (What is Contemporary Art? 2008). Contemporary art is comprised by a myriad of schools, styles and movements that come to the front during the mid-1960s until present.These are conceptualism, performance, installation, video art, minimalism, photo-realism, earthworks, supports-surfaces, contemporary realism, new subjectivity, London School, graffiti art, transavanguardia, neo-expressionism, Britart: young British artists, neo-pop, stuckism and new Leipzig School (What is Contemporary Art? 2008). Performance Art The concept â€Å"performance art† has commenced in the year 1960s in the United States. It is originally utilized to define and describe any live artistic incident that include s poets, musicians, artists and filmmakers.It is also referred as â€Å"Happenings,† â€Å"Events,† and â€Å"Fluxus concerts† (Esaak, 2009). The history of Performance art can be traced back to the Futurists and Dadaists who often promote their arts during the year 1910 with hilarious and shocking events. However, it is during the year 1950s when a French artist known as Yves Klein includes dragging naked women with whom he spreads and smears with paint across canvas on the floor of an art gallery. It is an accompaniment to one of his minimalist musical compositions. It is not until 1960s when performance art is acknowledged and recognized as a branch or art.Nevertheless, the term â€Å"performance art† is first used in 1970 (Performance Art, 2009). Performance art is a form of art that is concerned and focused with direct audience communication by the artists that can last from a few minutes to several days. There are cases when it is considered as a fo rm of getting out to the institutional dominance of commercial galleries and aesthetic priorities of Modernism (Pookie and Newall, 2007, p. 225). It is the category when artists break away with utilizing only one traditional medium.Performance artists, most of the time, are exploring and seeking several artistic disciplines and creating works of art that may traverse traditional media borders such as works that comprise the aspects of theater, music and visual arts. There are also artists who are enthused in incorporating in their performance activities of everyday life and presenting it in an artistic manner (Byrd, 1998). Women in Performance Art During the advent of Performance Art, women have found their place and fame in the art world. Some of the women through the period have been known in the said branch of art.Among them are Laurie Anderson, Meredith Monk and Linda Montano. Laurie Anderson is probably the most renowned performance artist. It is in 1970 when she emerges. Her w orks explore and illustrate the relationship between people and technology. Her masterpieces are usually comprised of spoken text, music, projected slides and videos. She has been known for employing an array of synthesizers to create sonic soundscape and a vocoder to change the sound of her voice when telling stories of her life in the late 20th century wherein laptops and ghosts exist side by side (Byrd, 1998).On the other hand, Meredith Monk is another artist who crafts interdisciplinary theater pieces. She is a composer who deals with inventive and pioneering vocal techniques. Her works are mixtures of free elements and images that are not related to one another. However, it is the combination of those unrelated elements that make her works unique (Byrd, 1998). Linda Montano, on the contrary, is the artist who explores the nexus between art and life. Rituals for her can change one’s perception of life.During those times of her artistic development, she manages to perform life ceremonies that transpire for several years. One of her renowned work is the one in which she spends an entire year tied to another artist known as Teching Hsieh. They have been united and joined by a seven-foot length rope. They did not touch each other for the whole year (Byrd, 1998). Those are just a number of performance arts that have been executed by female artists. There are other performances and pieces that make use of their bodies as a medium on demonstrating a work of art.They reveal issues such as feminism and role of women in society. Performance arts are often open-ended and can happen anywhere. They are usually presented in a live audience and only performed once. Its theme is usually in accordance to the artist’s viewpoints with regards to the link and relationship between art and life, art and technology, people and art or anything that the artist desires to illustrate. Performance art has given way to the feminist agenda during the year 1970s. It is an individual, instantaneous and greatly effective means of communication.Women’s objective when executing and performing a piece is to create an alternative vision for women and their power and status in the world (Gaulke, n. d. ). Their pieces tend to problematize female subjectivity, evaluate personal history, and alter the position of women in society because women are usually excluded from the art world. Women artists, thus, work on different media; performance art and video art are most likely appealing because the new media has no past accounts on eliminating and rejecting women (qtd. Troy, n. d. ).Feminist performance art in the year 1970s encompasses diverse functions and purposes. Women artists never endeavor and attempt to craft a single philosophical system in their works (Gaulke, n. d. ). Their works of art are usually a mixture of different philosophies with regards to the upliftment of women’s status and role in the society, as well as its identity and belo ngingness in the art world. The Performance art is also an essential movement during those eras because it summons the Formalism movement (Troy, n. d. ), where artworks are confined to canvases, paints and plasters.Performance art serves an exploration to the faction between art and life. Artists have made ways to explore and discover the dynamics between artist and spectators in order to comprehend art as social and experiential (Troy, n. d. ). Analysis and Conclusion Performance art belongs in the realm of contemporary art because of three essential reasons. First, it gives birth to a new media in creating works of art. One of those media is the body by which artists, especially women, utilize in order to demonstrate a blend of philosophies on the role of women in society.Another media is the use of technology and the incorporation other traditional media such as paints and canvas while performing and executing a piece. Second, performance art bestows an opportunity for women to a rticulate and fight for their rights. That a woman needs not be oppressed in society. While men are superior in the traditional arts and Modernism, women have grabbed the opportunity to find ways on how to express themselves and how to struggle for their status in society. Their creations offer new perspectives on how to look at women and how to value them.They reveal and delineate their struggles and efforts in the form of performance art so that their voice, angst and activism will be heard. Third, performance art provides a space for the women to be recognized in the art world. Because women are oppressed, their talents, skills and abilities are not acknowledged. However, because of the advent of performance art, women have found ways on how to present their endowments. Performance art is not just confined to well-known female artists.There are also a number of men who execute pieces of art in order to present and to articulate their point of views in life. Performance art has gi ven chances to ordinary people who desire to expose their artistic inclinations. Those art pieces that have been showed have helped and aided them in their artistic developments. A myriad of artists especially poets, musicians and theater artists explore, try and manage to achieve a performance art. They may be controversial, shocking, hilarious, still, for them, it is a way of communicating with the audience with regards to their outlook in life and art.

W.E.B Dubois View of Equality vs Frederick Douglass View of Equality

Equality W. E. B. Dubois had a better idea of equality than Frederick Douglass. Both of these civil rights leaders have lived and experienced a remarkable different life. Frederick Douglass was born into slavery. His mother was a slave and his father was a slave owner. W. E. B Dubois was born free and his parents were free African Americans. Douglass and Dubois education upbringing was a totally different experience. Douglass lived in the slave times. It was illegal to a slave to read and write. Any slave caught reading or writing would be severely punished or even killed.Slave owners felt that if they learn they will soon rebel and start to fight back. Douglass even grew up not even knowing his own age. His master’s wife is what started off his education with the alphabet behind the master’s back. Through little poor children, He exchanged food for book lessons with the children. He became self-taught in gradually teaching himself to read and write. Which is how he wen t form slave to free man. Dubois lived in the time after slavery was abolished. It was legal to learn how to read and write. Even with the Jim Crown laws separating blacks and whites.Dubois excelled in his studies becoming valedictorian of his senior class. His education navigated his way of life. No matter how he thought, planned, or reviewed any part of advocacy. They both had different up bringing that shaped them in there life of civil rights and how to go about solving a problem that they faced. Even in the very different upbringings they both became civil rights leaders fighting for the equality of African Americans. But both Douglass and Dubois had a very different way about getting the rights for African Americans. F.Douglass was an advocate and an abolitionist for all black people. He expressed excitement in learning how to making anyone see that blacks are equal to every race. He just wanted to be â€Å" treated as equal in the eyes of the white race† (Douglass pg. 3). He taught slaves to read in the south when it was nearly impossible for them to teach themselves. â€Å" The work of instructing my dear fellow slaves was the sweetest engagement with which I was ever blessed† (Douglass, Narrative Of Frederick Douglass pg. 431). This was his idea of independence from his teachings of independence.He went after every right in order to speak up for those slaves that didn’t have a voice. Education was one of his beliefs that helped him. Telling his story to the world, born a slave but now a free man. He fought for African Americans not are viewed as â€Å"property† or â€Å"slaves† but as equal to whites and must receive fair treatment. Douglass also in his speeches liberated what Americans in this economy would have done with blacks. In his speech â€Å"what the blacks want† he states, â€Å"I have had but one answer from the beginning. Do nothing with us!Your doing with us has already played the mischief. † (Douglass). Society’s â€Å"America† has already put us in a category. Race we are not superior or equal to no other. Economically we don’t have the means to live out what we strive for. Education wise we have none, we are not sufficient enough to read or write for us to have a better life. Douglass in this speech stresses to leave us alone we are cable of doing bad or good on our own. His would view principle of self-ownership, which he understood to include both the racial and equality.In his other speech â€Å"What to the slave is the fourth of July† Douglass pointed out that slaves plow, plant, and reaping mourns of loss, and using all kinds of mechanicals tools. Proof that they deserved the fuel range of natural rights. In the political â€Å"Thought Of Frederick Douglass† he dived into his study of abolitionism. Douglass states â€Å"robust conception of mutual responsibility† and the ideas of universal self – ownership, natu ral rights, limited government, and an ethos of self-independent living (Douglass pg. 3).Douglass advocated for his equal rights amongst other races, and for equality with the slaves. While Dubois believed hard work, education, equality, race, and economics success was the key to success. Dubois was determined to learn all he could about the world and use that knowledge to help fight against segregation and discrimination. He plunged himself into historical, economic, and philosophical studies of being black in America hoping to elude a cure for the race problem in America. He founded The Niagara Movement to accommodate Booker T. Washington â€Å"Atlanta Compromise†.Washington suggested â€Å"African American shouldn’t agitate for social and political equality in return for the opportunity to acquire vocational training and participate in the economic development of the new south† He believed through hard work and earned respect, African Americans would gain the esteem of white and eventually receive full citizenship. Meaning slaves should endure being ridiculed, beaten, demeaned, and disrespected then eventually receive equal rights to slaves. Dubois Niagara Movement â€Å"manifesto† in his words â€Å" We want full manhood suffrage and we want it now†¦ we are men! We want to be treated as mean.And we shall win. † The movement became the forerunner of the N. A. A. C. P. Dubois believed in a true higher education and voting fights for blacks. In those times slaves didn’t have a right to vote. He believed through education blacks can be equal to whites. The most of his free time he devoted to teaching slaves to read and write. He understood how the international perspective and practical oppressions of social justice. Discrimination was based off ignorance. He became convinced that if each race could learn and understand each other’s truths, there would be no reason to fear or hate each other’s race.H e also felt that through education African Americans could prevail and succeed. Not through violence and protests of people demanding their rights as people of America. Dubois concluded that after slavery ended â€Å"African Americans were still viewed as less intelligent, civilized, cultivated, and more prone to violence and crime then white students† (Dubois, Narrative of F. Douglass pg. 3). In order for there to be equality amongst people he started programs to reduce, eliminate color prejudice. W. E. B Dubois wrote a speech titled The Talented Tenth. Black men will rise and become more then there stereotypes. Education and work are the levers to uplift a people. Work alone will not do it unless inspired by the right ideals and guided by intelligence. Education must not simply teach work†¦ it must teach life† (Dubois pg. 15). In conclusion Dubois fought for equal rights of African American people through his teachings, speeches, programs, and lessons. His goal w as to make black as equal to whites through education. Not through violence or arguments we can obtain free social justice as righted African American people. But through education we can obtain social equality and be equal to other races.

Reflection on Weight Loss Essays

Reflection on Weight Loss Essays Reflection on Weight Loss Essay Reflection on Weight Loss Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Reflection on Weight Loss Decreasing my weight was an important part of determining my overall health. This is attributed to the prevalence of autonomous lifestyle diseases due to the abnormal body weight. Therefore, it was highly important for me to engage in a weight loss program that enabled me to lose my weight and coincidentally determine various factors that were intrinsic and determinant of my weight. Such factors include my height, weight and daily activity and consumption. By knowing about such factors, now I am able to lead a healthy lifestyle. Foremost, my weight in kilograms (Kg) was 94 kg and my height in inches was 70, which translates to a measure of 5 feet 8 inches. In order to calculate my body mass index (BMI), I need to divide my weight in kilograms by my height in meters. Therefore, my BMI is 31.4 kg/m2. The Body Mass Index (BMI) determines whether a person is abnormally overweight, which is referred to as obese or has normal weight. If the BMI is lesser than 30, then the person is said to have normal weight. However, if the person has a BMI that is greater than 30, then that signifies that the person is overweight. Therefore, since my BMI is 31.4, then that means that I have to engage in a weight loss program in order to achieve normal weight. Before embarking on the weight loss program, my eating habits were uncontrolled. For instance, my eating schedule for five days was completely different from the schedule I have presently. For instance, on the first day of the week, I could eat various foods that were considered fatty such as French Fries and Pizza as well as foods rich in proteins such as roasted chicken, beans and bread. My daily schedule was limited to such foods, which resulted into a high rate of carbohydrates. Therefore, my first-day intake analysis was Carbohydrates at 45, proteins at 17 and the total fat at 6.4. Additionally, my food energy level was at 256, the dietary fiber at 5 and the saturated and mono-saturated fat at 2.4 and 2 respectively. This analysis was the minimum intake I could achieve for five days, thus indicating that my calorie level was increasing after the first day. My Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) was 1900 calories while my Daily Energy Expenditure (DEE) was at 1498. My DEE was attributed to the co-curricular activities I love engaging in such as playing badminton, wrestling and walking. However, the efforts that I put in the activities were negative. This is because I was able to play badminton for 20-30 minutes and walk for a maximum of 1 hour. Since my school owns a gymnasium, I usually took part I badminton with some of my friends after class and after that, walked home instead of taking the bus or using my bicycle. Due to the ineffectiveness of my workouts, I was able to change my workouts by engaging in extra and rigorous curricular activities such as basketball and soccer for 1 to 2 hours after school and during the weekends. Such activities enabled me to increase my fitness level and even helped me change my diet by increasing beverages and fruits and limiting the amount of fatty foods. My attitude towards my weight changed since I discovered efficient ways of decreasing it through simple and enjoyable routines. I was able to reduce my BMI, which is currently at 26 kg/m2. Despite the disadvantages of my hectic school schedule, my dwindling self-esteem due to my obesity, laxity and procrastination tendencies, I was able to meet my objective of losing weight, which has enabled me to be active, fit and healthy.

Beowulf as an Epic Hero in Burton Raffel’s Translation of the Story Beowulf

He continuously portrays features that no ordinary human being could acquire including eternal fame, extraordinary skill, and heroic courage. It is interesting to read about all his extraordinary hero qualities. In Anglo-Saxon culture, immortality was believed to be attainable through the gain of fame and glory by the act of doing noble deeds (HubPages). It was also possible by spreading one’s personal name throughout the land. In this epic, the concept is played quite well by the deeds Beowulf portrays as an epic hero; he not only saves the day, but spreads his name through the land. He introduces himself to Hrothgar, King of Danes, speaking of his bouts with five giants leading to his single handed removal of the giant race from the earth. He also leads to speak of fighting and defeating many sea monsters underwater at the deep depths of the darkest oceans (Beowulf 31). These deeds show the characteristics in Beowulf that many epic heroes seem to possess like defeating demonic, and god-like foes saving the day and in turn adding to the notoriety of the heroes name, aiding to their belief of immortality. Beowulf further pursues fame and glory by aiding Hrothgar in defeating the demon Grendel which has ran amuck in the kingdoms mead hall Herot and killed soldiers of the crown. By ripping Grendel’s arm, Beowulf ensures his fame as keeping it as a trophy and mounting it over Herot for all to observe. But an epic hero like Beowulf never is sated with fame so throughout his lifetime he continues to defy odds and accomplish heroic deeds spreading his name and giving him his sense of immortality. In order for an epic hero to be an epic hero he cannot just achieve high notoriety, he must have the skill to defeat the demons bent to kill all mankind. But not just a regular warriors skill can defeat a demon conceived by Satan and evil, the heroes skill must match that of the gods. A good depiction of Beowulf’s extraordinary skill is the moment when he first battles Grendel choosing to fight bare-handed in order to give the opponent a â€Å"fair fight† (Beowulf 31). This feat shows that Beowulf believes he has the skill to defeat the monster Grendel and shows a sort of chivalry among him by honoring his opponent’s condition. Beowulf also has skill in strength and speed, catching and nearly breaking back Grendel’s clawed fingers on his hand as he slashed to swoop and eat a light sleeping Beowulf; later leading to Beowulf ripping of Grendel’s arm (Beowulf 33). Afterwards revenge is sought by Beowulf after Grendel’s mother abducts and eats the kings trusted noble and friend Aeschere leading him to use his incredible skill to swim for hours underwater to her lair at the bottom depths of a dark lake resulting in her death by Beowulf adding to his fame. Beowulf as an epic hero needed courage in order to make skill useful and be able to gain more fame. Many courageous acts are done by Beowulf firstly with the simple act of battling a huge demon like Grendel without the use of neither weapons, nor armor for protection. Going without weapons shows the courage in Beowulf and the lack of fear even after removing the little help given to provide a fair fight for Grendel. Afterwards, Beowulf continues to display great courage by gaining revenge from Grendel’s mom and battling her under water while sea creatures watched (Beowulf 39). These examples of courage show that Beowulf is willing to battle and defeat any foe, no matter the cost in order to save the day. Epic heroes through time have had the same characteristics. These include the ability to bring exceptional skill to battle against many demons and evil doers. These traits combined with the courage of a man which fears nothing aides Beowulf in being able to defeat many of his foes throughout the tale. To Beowulf, hearing of Grendel terrorizing the mead hall is more of a blessing than a problem for it allowed Beowulf the opportunity to slay a creature and build his name through the land of Danes. Ending in epic victory, these qualities are expressed throughout the stories and even though made king, Beowulf never ceases to reach his goal of the world’s greatest fighter having unmatched fame through the land, skill of many men, and the courage greater than that of any man or creature ever to be found.

A Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Business Plan - Essay Example Following is the list of elements required for the business plan Executive summary is one of the most important segments of any business plan. It will give the brief idea of the company’s business, background and expectations from the particular group. This creates interest for the investor to read further. It should be carefully written. This is written to give an idea about the market and the company operating in. The background of the company should include information like when company started, product or services it offers, its customer base, the growth it’s experiencing and current performance. Apart from company specific information it should also include the information regarding the market and industry it’s operating in. The market can be new developing or developed. The competition and the position of the company within that market give an idea to the investors about the overall position of the company and validity of its growth projections. The clarity of vision can be supportive to attract investors. Vision gives the overall picture of the opportunity existing and how company will be growing with that opportunity. It is supported by the financials and other non financial factors. This section discusses the about the opportunity existing in the market and the roadmap through which company will be operating to earn the profits. This will include planning for various functions of the company i.e. operations, marketing, human resource management and financial management. In this segment the financial strategy should be described. The capital budgeting, break even analysis, operating cost, fixed and variable cost, projection of profits, investment requirement, cash flow and balance sheets. The financial projections will give the bank or investor an opportunity to understand the financial planning and its coherence with the overall strategy. The organization structure includes the organization chart, brief

The impact of Homeland Security on our daily lives in America Term Paper

The impact of Homeland Security on our daily lives in America - Term Paper Example The wide set of measures incorporated into homeland security for enhancing the economic sustainability and safety of the communities in America would have an impact on the way the communities continued their existence (Bullock, Haddow & Coppola, 2012). Responsibilities as envisaged in homeland security lay dispersed among a hundred different government agencies, reducing the speed and flexibility required for an efficient homeland security. Therefore, it was felt that it would be better to create the umbrella Department of Homeland Security to overcome the patchwork of government activities through the tens of government agencies. Thus, the Department of Homeland Security was formed armed with policies, regulation, and programs to provide homeland security (President Bush, 2002). Impact of Homeland Security The people of America have for long enjoyed a legal tradition that upheld individual civil liberties and resisted any infringement of the state on the civil liberties of its citiz ens. The measures provided to the Department of Homeland Security in the form of more intrusive surveillance, increased policing powers, reduction in the restrictions on search and seizure, easier wiretapping, and intrusion of privacy run against the grain of civil liberties. It was only after the fear of the September 11, 2001 attack had diminished did the realization dawn that one of the key areas that the impact of homeland security was being felt lay in the domain of civil liberties (Miller, 2003). The courts have for over a long period of time recognized the President of the United States as the constitutional authority to uphold and protect national security. Such an authority carries with it wide discretionary powers. Since homeland security has been created by the President to uphold and protect national security, the courts would be reluctant to infringe on the provisions of homeland security, as it would run against the grain of the recognition granted to the President as the constitutional authority for upholding and protecting national security (Nicholson, 2005). Intrusion and invasion are key words in the procedures and regulations of homeland security that are being experienced by the citizens of America. As a consequence of homeland security the airport security has been tightened. Full body scanners greet passengers at airports. In case that is not sufficient invasive-pat downs are a feature at the various airports around the country. The Secretary of homeland security has not only justified these enhanced security measures at airports, but also maintains that no changes need be expected anywhere in the near future (Airlliner Security, 2010). Expanded surveillance is a part of the initiatives under homeland security. This expanded security has led to the use of closed circuit televisions (CCTV) in public places, public transportations, and immigration offices. Easier access to individual records is another feature, whereby the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) can seek and receive any personal records of any individual. This provides powers for accessing the financial records, medical histories, Internet usage, travel patterns, and any other records. Such information was formerly considered private information, but homeland security has removed the privacy element of these records. More intrusive is the expansion provided in the wiretap law. Even if an individual is not engaged in

Statement of objectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Statement of objectives - Essay Example By January 2010, I would be fully conferred for the Master’s degree with concentration in Electronic Business. In addition, I will be credited with 3 Advanced Certificates in Management from the same university, to wit: Advanced Certificate in Information Management, Advanced Certificate in Telecommunication Management, and Advanced Certificate in Human Resource. Equipped with these academic achievements, I am prepared to undertake greater challenges in higher education. My ultimate goal is to be an instrument of change to my country once I completed the PhD Program in Community Economic Development (CED). The Southern New Hampshire University is the most prestigious institution which can accord a multi disciplinary approach to the program. I am optimistic in learning various CED issues affecting not only the local and national level, but more so, their impact and influence on international levels. I would like to be given the opportunity to share the theoretical and practical applications of CED in Saudi Arabia, which unselfishly provided me with 100% scholarship through the King Abdullah Graduate Studies Scholarship Program. I am aware that CED is a multi functional process of comprehensively interconnected strategies which enable people to develop corporations and business ventures for the betterment of communities. I plan to utilize the skills and theoretical background developed in my master’s degree to formulate policies which would facilitate and improve the application of electronic business initially in the local communities and later, on a national scale. As I delved into the intricacies of the theories, concepts and applications of e-business, I realized that I am extremely interested in pursuing higher education in a field of endeavor closely related to this. The courses that I took in my bachelor’s and master’s degree equipped me with the necessary skills and

Cisco Prime and Wireshark Advantages and Disadvantages

Cisco Prime and Wireshark Advantages and Disadvantages Introduction to  Networking Tools Cisco Prime       Cisco Prime (formerly known as Cisco Works) is a network management tool that is Cisco proprietary. Prime is used for management such as monitoring, troubleshooting, configuration and administration of a network. This software allows for simpler control of the network. The monitoring and troubleshooting feature allows the network admin to immediately find and repair issues that arise throughout the network. In the image above, you can see the home screen of the Prime software. It contains important information such as the types of hardware within the network. As seen in the Admin section, the network administrator has access to network settings such as monitor and troubleshoot, notification settings, config settings, and much more. The GUI (graphical user interface) is very simple which makes it very easy to navigate through the settings. This is a useful layout for the admin as they can monitor the network with ease. You can also see a heat map of a building that uses Cisco Prime, the colours indicate the devices that are being used in the building, in the image we can see wireless access points. Advantages of using Cisco Prime: Allows for easier monitoring and troubleshooting Easy to understand and navigate the software which will increase productivity Real-time information about areas in the network Disadvantages of using Cisco Prime: Cisco proprietary, wont work for hardware from other vendors May be expensive Wireshark Wireshark is a software that analyses packets sent throughout a network. It will display each packet and the details within the packet. Network administrators use it to analyse the network and to troubleshoot an issue if they see a problem. Wireshark has many capabilities, some of the key features are that it can catch packets in a real-time network. It can also save packets and the packets are laid out on a very clear GUI. Network admins can use Wireshark to identify and troubleshoot problems throughout the network by searching through the packets. As you can see in the image above, this is what Wireshark looks like in a live network. We can see packets travelling through the network from the Source and Destination addresses. The Protocol column shows us which protocol is being used within the packet and further information about it. This is extremely useful for network administrators as they can clearly see the packet in detail and easily identify a problem. Advantages of using Wireshark: Free software Available for multiple platforms Windows UNIX Can see detailed information about packets within a network Not proprietary can be used on multiple vendors unlike Cisco Prime Disadvantages of using Wireshark: Notifications will not make it evident if there is an intrusion in the network Can only gather information from the network, cannot send I will be interrogating a network and I will report my findings. I will be testing the devices in the topology and check if they can all communicate with each other. In the topology below, you can see that there are three sub-networks. Firstly, I will be testing communication between the separate networks in the topology. I will be attempting to access PC3 from PC1. To do these I will access the Command Prompt from PC1. To access this, go to Start > search cmd or command prompt in Windows 10. Once you have opened the command prompt, you will come across a black screen. To find out the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway you should issue the ipconfig command. PC1 output above The output above is from PC1 on the 172.31.1.0/25 network. I will now need to check the IP address for PC2 and PC3, I will be doing this because if I can successfully ping those two host computers that means all the networks are connected to each other and can communicate. PC2 output above PC3 output above Now that I know the IP addresses for PC2 and PC3, I can now attempt to ping them from PC1 to check if they can communicate with each other. I issue the ping 172.31.0.254 command on PC1 command prompt and as we can see below, the pings were successful. However, you may notice that the first ping timed out, that is because the packet sent an ARP request for the next-hop. The output shows us that PC1 is now able to communicate with PC2. PC1 pings PC2 Now I will try to ping PC3 from PC1 to see if the hosts can communicate with one another. Again, just like PC1 to PC2, I will issue the ping command along with the IP address of the PC3 host. As we can see in the output, the pings were unsuccessful. This means that the hosts cannot communicate with each other. PC1 ping PC3 As we can see in the output below, I used the tracert command. This command is used to follow the path of the packet. What we learn from the command is that the packet times out at the 172.31.1.198 IP address. To troubleshoot the issue, I will locate the IP address and check the device connected to it. PC1 tracert to PC3 We know from the topology that R3 is connected to the 172.31.1.196/30 ¸and 172.31.1.198 is a part of this network. I will go into the router and check the interfaces to verify which interface it belongs to. Router 3 in the topology To do this, I will use a program called PuTTY and telnet into the router. Telnet is a networking protocol that allows a user to remotely access a device on the network. Once in the R3 router, I issue the show ip interface brief command. From the output, we can see that the interface that connects to the switch, GigabitEthernet0/1, is down. We know that this is the interface that belongs to the interface because the IP address of the GigabitEthernet0/0 belongs to the default gateway. The reason the PC cannot communicate with outside networks is because the switchs G0/1 interface is down so it cannot forward the frame to the router. R3 output shown above To tackle this problem, I will go into the configuration of the G0/1s interface and change the status from down to up. This enables the interface to communicate and process information. As we can see in the output below, I entered the configuration mode for the interface and switched it on. To verify, I will ping the PC1 host from PC3. Enabling the G0/1 interface on R3 The pings were received successfully on R1. We have entered multiple devices in the networks and by doing this we have learned information about the network. PC3 pings PC1 By using the command prompt I was able to find the status of the devices in this network.    This section will be about maintenance in a network that will need to be carried out frequently for the network to run efficiently. In this section, I will be showing how to create and delete a user account on Windows 10. Firstly, from the Start menu go to Control Panel or alternatively, type Control Panel in the search bar. Once it has opened, select the User Accounts section. From that section select the Add or remove user accounts option. Once you have entered the next window, click on Add a new user in PC settings to create a new user. This will direct you to PC settings. Now that you are in PC settings, select Add someone else to this PC. This will require the new users email address or phone number to create an account with their Microsoft account. Once you have created the account, it will look like this. You will be presented with the option Change account type which will allow you to change the account type. You can give the user administrator rights or leave it as the default setting standard user. You can remove the account as easy as it was to create it. You can simply press the remove button. There are many antivirus software applications that can be used. I have chosen McAfee LiveSafe to scan this PC. The interface is very simple and easy to use. Firstly, I launch the application from the Start menu. Secondly, I click the Virus and Spyware Protection section. Within this section, you can see the date of the last scan and the next scheduled scan. This is very useful as it automatically does scheduled scans to protect your PC. To manually scan your PC, click the Scan your PC option. Once you click it, you can choose to run a quick scan, full scan or a custom scan. Once a full scan is done it will look like this. It outlines how many issues were found and how many files it searched. If any viruses were found it would automatically remove them from the PC. Backup File backup is crucial for every PC because if any of the files become corrupt or are deleted, they will be saved. This is very important in businesses and personal computers as people must keep their files safe in case of any damage. This can be done very easily on Windows 10. Firstly, go to Settings, then Update security, from this section there is a Backup section. Once you are in the Backup section, click More options and select See advanced settings. From the File History window, once you plug in an external hard drive, you can select a folder to backup from. This will then give you the option to select how often you want it to backup your files. Restore To restore a backup that you saved onto a hard drive, return to File History so you can restore your files using the Restore personal files option on the sidebar. Once it has opened you will be able to select the files you had backed up and restore them to a drive on your computer. How to keep it secure VPN access: A VPN (Virtual Private Network) allows companies connect their branches from all over the world. VPN is a network used through the internet that allows a private connection between users. You can keep information within this network secure by configuring a password and encrypting it on both ends. This will not allow people to see what is going on in the network unless they have the password.  

Summary of the Film Hero :: essays research papers

The Film, Hero In the Oxford Dictionary, Favorite is described as something or someone that you like, In this matter that something is the film called â€Å"Hero.† Roughly based on an assassination attempt of China’s first emperor Chin Shi Huang Di, the motion picture â€Å"Hero† discusses the life of a ancient warrior. The story describes the journey of a sword master who was determined to slay the king of the province Qin, the future emperor of united China. With the help of three assassins who’s goal in life was the death of the Qin King, the nameless warrior gets a chance to crush the future emperor China. This film consists of many twists and turns making it very exiting and unpredictable. This movie was a combination of calm and spectacular battle scenes which gives you the need to be one of the characters from the flick. The amazing actions scenes just leap out of the screen and the film is still able to touch your heart. In every second of this film, you can feel it’s powerful emotions, which gets you so caught up in the world of the movie, you hate to the return to present day world. This film dazzles it’s viewers by its vivid colours and the whole movie is a painting in motion. My favorite scene of â€Å"Hero† was the amazing but aggressive action scenes and also the deep drama it created. The plot of the movie was incredible. Though â€Å"Hero† was a spectacular film there were some things that I did not enjoy like, the film was much too serious and I did not like the factor that most of the movie was in flash backs. From intense action scenes to emotional drama, I think this film can

DHCP and DNS Essay

Assignment 1: DHCP Troubleshooting. Check the workstations using ipconfig /all and find out if the ip range is within the address range you assigned, if it is a different address then the workstation failed to contact the DHCP server and has gone into apipa mode. The Network Interface Card might be assigned an incorrect driver. Another possible cause of the problem is that the patch cable is not plugged into the Network Interface Card, or is not connected to a switch on the other end. However, it could be that the server has run out of IP addresses that it can assign to clients. You can easily tell if this is the problem by comparing the size of the DHCP address scope to the number of devices on your network that request IP addresses from the DHCP server. But since only some of the workstations have got addresses the problem might be the DHCP server. Start off by doing some ping tests to verify that the DHCP server is able to communicate across the network. If the DHCP server is able to communicate with other computers on the network, then I recommend verifying that the DHCP server has an IP address that is compatible with the scope that the server is configured to assign addresses from. The server itself has to be assigned a static address in the same subnet range, such as 192.168.0.199. If this still doesn’t solve the problem make sure that the DHCP server is still authorized by the Active Directory to lease IP addresses. You should also check to verify that the scope is active, and that the necessary services are running on the DHCP server. Exercise 1: DNS scenario. You will need to setup a primary DNS server in the larger branch office. Configure it as a primary forward lookup zone for the domain name of your company. Before you install DNS make sure your computer has a static ip address so it does not get one from the DHCP server. In the small branch setup a second DNS server. Configure it as a secondary forward lookup zone with the same domain name as the primary DNS server.

Motivation and Performance Theories in Relation to New Zealand Post

A simple game of bingo, if analysed closely, can be shown to be a tedious task consisting of a repetitive action that occurs after being prompted by a repetitive stimulus. The skill level needed to make that action is low, and the variability in the rules of the game rarely changes. This game is not unlike many of the jobs that can be classified as having low motivational performance. So why do people not only enjoy playing games like bingo, but actually pay money to have the pleasure? The answer directly points to the motivating factors of monetary rewards, which is the stimulus for the individual†s performance. In this essay I will discuss the theory behind â€Å"Motivation† and â€Å"Performance† in relation to New Zealand Post and the theoretical ideals that their management should adopt with employees. There are many theories regarding motivation with the most prevalent being the theories of Abraham Maslow and Frederick Herzberg. It is important to understand these theories and their implications to accurately comment on reinforcement theories of motivation. According to Maslow†s hierarchy of needs, there are five classes: (1) physiological, (2) safety, (3) social, (4) esteem, and (5) self-actualisation. (Karen. P. Harlos Lecture Notes) each lower level need must be satisfied before an individual experiences higher level needs. Also, as Hall, Batley, Elkin, Geare, Johnston, Jones, Selsky and Sibbald (1999) found that Maslow hypothesized that as physiological, safety, social, and esteem needs were satisfied, they ceased to motivate, while the self-actualisation needs actually motivate an individual more as they are satisfied (Hall et al. 999). Herzberg used this theory as a base to build his motivation-hygiene theory, which ties Maslow†s needs to on the job achievement. The hygiene elements relate to low needs (physiological, safety, and social)(Harlos 2000). For an individual, hygiene conditions include company policy and administration, supervision, relationships with peers and supervisors, work conditions, salary, status, and security. These, according to Herzberg account for 69% of the factors that cause employee dissatisfaction or lack of motivation. The motivation conditions, which include achievement, the job itself, recognition, responsibilities, and personal growth, accounted for 81% of the factors that contributed to job satisfaction. The hygiene conditions are extrinsic factors (behaviour that is performed for material or social rewards as defined by Harlos 2000) while the motivation conditions are intrinsic factors (behaviour that is performed for its own sake not for material or social rewards as defined by Harlos 2000), and the only way to sustain motivation toward organizational goals is through the achievement of intrinsic outcomes. Each of these theories has proven to contain ideas consistent with human nature, but each also has its limitations within organizational settings. Because lower order needs are generally satisfied in the workplace today, managers have to deal with how to provide esteem and self-actualisation to their employees, and that can be a vague concept to a manager who demands results immediately. Also, studies demonstrate that different workers are motivated by different factors be them intrinsic or extrinsic. In relation to New Zealand Post the above theories can be applied to achieve an excellent level of motivation within the organization, however there are potential disadvantages also, where the employees may get over-motivated or become too empowered and thus create divisions within the organization. In terms of Maslow†s theory, the five levels of needs could be ensured by mangers of NZ Post and overall by the corporate planners of NZ Post by the following; in terms of physiological needs, money is the driving factor here as it provides the a means of achieve food, shelter, warmth and sleep, thus that management role is very limited, as it is controlled to a degree by relevant laws of the country. However those above the management who set wages must be careful not to set wages too low, otherwise workers will become grossly dissatisfied and look elsewhere to achieve their basic needs (Hall et al. 999). At the safety level NZ Post can provide their employees with agreeable contracts and work benefits such as health care. A work environment that is considered safe as well as adequate ongoing training is another aspect, also assurances of long-term employment (Hall et al. 1999). Social level issues can be resolved by NZ Post by organising teams maybe by regions and encouraging group satisfaction, or perhaps even making sure contact is established by way of team sports days, or annual picnic†s etc, any activity that ensures worker contact (Hall et al. 999). The next level is perhaps the most crucial in terms of how much NZ Post management is concerned, management may be able to fill esteem needs of the employee by showing recognition of a job well done, which may lead to a internal structure whereby levels of achievement are reached, and as the employee reaches these levels they may gain more responsibility within the organisation (Hall et al. 1999). Self actualisation needs in terms of what management can do for employees to reach this stage, entirely depend on the individual, and the previous stage, as itself esteem is realised then self actualisation becomes of more importance, and so the employee is self-motivated and the role of the NZ Management is merely one of maintenance (Hall et al. 1999). The above are all very good in theory, but in practice the implications of some of these theories for an individual and for the organisation can be crucial. NZ Post Management couldn†t be blamed if they felt the offering of money to an employee over and above what the individual needs to satisfy there needs would result in that individual working harder, however what is more likely to happen is the individual isn†t motivated anymore by that factor, and is instead motivated by esteem needs, as cited in Hall et al. 2000) â€Å"A satisfied need is not a motivator† The application of the Herzberg two-factor model is in practice much more involved that I first thought, there seems to be a large amount of criticism about Herzberg, which I will attempt to briefly outline, and thus if NZ Post was to adapt this theory it may not provide the right answer to any problems they may be facing. Firstly there has been research done into the methodology of Herzberg's research, it seems that by asking the questions in the way that they did it was only natural that individuals would attribute the good things about the job to themselves and the bad things to the organisation (as suggested by Vroom 1964 cited in Thomson 1989). So the good things simply became meting challenges, getting promoted and assuming responsibility, whereas bad things were in affect always the fault of the organisation. Thus it was reasonable for individuals to attribute their lack of performance as being a result of poor organisational structure or communication, or poor wages or bad working conditions, therefore Herzberg†s findings were more a result of the way the questions were asked and not altogether an indication of what motivated individuals at work. The second criticism that arises is whether or not it is possible to clearly â€Å"distinguish between motivator and hygiene variables in the way that two factor theory does. † (Thomson 1989 pg 164). At times factors like the gender of the worker and the structure of the organisation tends to influence whether or not a job characteristics acts as a motivator or a hygiene, thus the distinction is not as clear cut as Herzberg†s theory would suggest. Finally the two-factor theory just doesn†t take into consideration the differences between individuals, its just known that individuals do not always react in a similar fashion, for the same work characteristics which will motivate one individual may not necessary motivate another. I suggest for NZ Post to be able to maintain the calibre of people they strive for, and to provide tools to develop and grow, the best way to create the desired environment and create the best management would be to adopt Maslow†s theories, as it allows for more of an individual touch to individual situations. McGregor developed an additional theory on human behaviour, motivation, and especially performance in the late 1950†³s. His theories X and Y and were based on assumptions made regarding the â€Å"system† and individuals. In short, in Theory X (the most common management practice) management organizes all elements of production, motivates and controls employee behaviour to fit the needs of the organization, and without this intervention, employees would be indifferent to changing organizational needs. McGregor further assumes that managers believe that the average employee is by nature are lazy, dislike work, want security and dislike responsibility (as cited by Harlos 2000). McGregor†s alternative to Theory X was Theory Y. This theory made the assumptions that management has the responsibility for organizing the elements of production, people are not by nature passive, but become so as a result of experiences, management should enable employees to develop their motivational characteristics, and that it is essential for management to arrange organizational conditions in a manner where employees can achieve their own goals by directing their personal effort towards organizational objectives. The contrast between X and Y solely relates to who controls human behaviour. Theory X touts external control, and Theory Y promotes a self-fulfilling prophecy and that Theory Y management will breed Theory Y employees and vice-versa. In the application of McGregor†s theories an obvious pitfall is that obviously given the choice management will opt for Theory Y, however the application can result in a very different outcome. Theory Y places an unrealistic amount of burden on the management, and thus they have to sometimes resort to Theory X as no matter how much nurturing or inspiration managers give to employees, there will always be some who just have no desire to work, and show little or no initiative. So NZ Post may run many seminars to attempt to increase performance, or empower those who management feel need a performance boost, yet inevitably those who have no desire to perform better will just not respond to any of these performance motivators and hence management will have to resort to Theory X management to get these employees to work as they should be. Another problem may be with those employees who have been part of the organisation for a number of years, and a new fresh inspirational manager comes along who has been to all the courses and seminars and has used all the theories, and yet these employees are so used to old school Theory X management, they will just simply not be able to conform to this new Theory Y management style, as suggested in Hall et al. (1999) In conclusion I have outlines both Maslow†s and Herzberg†s theories in relation to motivation and McGregor†s theories in relation to performance. I also have suggested ways in which NZ Post could apply these theories to enable them to better fulfil their corporate profile statement. I suggested that perhaps Herzberg†s theory would not be best suited to NZ Post due to the many flaws in the application of his theory and that Maslow†s theory in practice would enable a better fufilment of the corperate profile statement.